{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2302129626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815612446","title":"Defining authorship in user-generated content: Copyright struggles in <i>The Game of Thrones</i>","display_name":"Defining authorship in user-generated content: Copyright struggles in <i>The Game of Thrones</i>","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2302129626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815612446","mag":"2302129626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444815612446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815612446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048627131","display_name":"Katharine Sarikakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-8129"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katharine Sarikakis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044649521","display_name":"Claudia Krug","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Krug","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019994960","display_name":"Joan Ram\u00f3n Rodr\u00edguez-Amat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-3638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71422933","display_name":"Sheffield Hallam University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wt1929","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71422933"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Ramon Rodriguez-Amat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sheffield Hallam University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sheffield Hallam University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71422933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048627131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0799,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87242148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"542","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fandom","display_name":"Fandom","score":0.9764127731323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.5942691564559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.5125884413719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.49213141202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mythology","display_name":"Mythology","score":0.4914282560348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/status-quo","display_name":"Status quo","score":0.48931095004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livelihood","display_name":"Livelihood","score":0.4605587422847748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.4596843421459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.3449992537498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.24590182304382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2338763177394867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literature","display_name":"Literature","score":0.11962944269180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.11216816306114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.10887742042541504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510893854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773944","display_name":"Fandom","level":2,"score":0.9764127731323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5942691564559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.5125884413719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.49213141202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519517224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256","display_name":"Mythology","level":2,"score":0.4914282560348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.48931095004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.4605587422847748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4596843421459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.3449992537498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.24590182304382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2338763177394867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.11962944269180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.11216816306114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.10887742042541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444815612446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815612446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shura.shu.ac.uk:11077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-3638>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401600","display_name":"SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71422933","host_organization_name":"Sheffield Hallam University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71422933"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W275357965","https://openalex.org/W580494992","https://openalex.org/W614550132","https://openalex.org/W1482479903","https://openalex.org/W1485661063","https://openalex.org/W1511154379","https://openalex.org/W1545634521","https://openalex.org/W1549026824","https://openalex.org/W1560023984","https://openalex.org/W1588842779","https://openalex.org/W1591989779","https://openalex.org/W1971530845","https://openalex.org/W2000789701","https://openalex.org/W2004152558","https://openalex.org/W2018386801","https://openalex.org/W2023391712","https://openalex.org/W2033952602","https://openalex.org/W2048030746","https://openalex.org/W2130278726","https://openalex.org/W2162161049","https://openalex.org/W2162481620","https://openalex.org/W2166301042","https://openalex.org/W2206880393","https://openalex.org/W2321412405","https://openalex.org/W2737656824","https://openalex.org/W2935829461","https://openalex.org/W3004920537","https://openalex.org/W3005776275","https://openalex.org/W3091786446","https://openalex.org/W3121222049","https://openalex.org/W3122322905","https://openalex.org/W3151039803","https://openalex.org/W4233930014","https://openalex.org/W4253638064","https://openalex.org/W4255698398","https://openalex.org/W4388129420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793731000","https://openalex.org/W3177507192","https://openalex.org/W3161441462","https://openalex.org/W3183727091","https://openalex.org/W2796458109","https://openalex.org/W2988533268","https://openalex.org/W4390655301","https://openalex.org/W2324879567","https://openalex.org/W4386394082","https://openalex.org/W4385065010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84],"notion":[1,74,113],"of":[2,29,31,66,75,82,92,95,107,114,122,142,164,171],"authorship":[3,76,115],"is":[4,72,116],"a":[5,140,172],"core":[6],"element":[7],"in":[8,78,156],"antipiracy":[9],"campaigns":[10,18],"accompanying":[11],"an":[12,67],"emerging":[13],"copyright":[14],"regime,":[15],"worldwide.":[16],"These":[17],"are":[19],"built":[20],"on":[21,168],"discourses":[22],"that":[23,102,111,124],"aim":[24],"to":[25,44],"\u2018problematize\u2019":[26],"the":[27,40,73,79,87,99,104,112,131,134,143,150,154,161,169],"issues":[28],"\u2018legality\u2019":[30],"content":[32,37],"downloading":[33],"practices,":[34,61],"\u2018protection\u2019":[35],"for":[36],"creators":[38],"and":[39,59,62,97,109,133],"alleged":[41],"damage":[42],"caused":[43],"creators\u2019":[45],"livelihood":[46],"by":[47,153],"piracy.":[48],"Under":[49],"these":[50],"tensions,":[51],"fandom":[52,90,138],"both":[53],"subverts":[54],"such":[55],"discourses,":[56],"through":[57],"sharing":[58],"production":[60],"legitimizes":[63],"industry\u2019s":[64],"mythology":[65],"\u2018original\u2019":[68],"author.":[69],"However,":[70],"how":[71],"constructed":[77],"cooperative":[80],"spaces":[81],"fandom?":[83],"article":[85],"explores":[86],"most":[88],"popular":[89],"sites":[91],"A":[93],"Song":[94],"Ice":[96],"Fire,":[98],"book":[100],"series":[101],"inspires":[103],"TV-show":[105],"Game":[106],"Thrones":[108],"argues":[110],"not":[117],"one-dimensional,":[118],"but":[119],"rather":[120],"consists":[121],"attributes":[123],"develop":[125],"across":[126],"three":[127],"processes:":[128],"community":[129],"building,":[130],"creative":[132],"industrial/production":[135],"process.":[136],"Here,":[137],"constructs":[139],"figure":[141],"\u2018author\u2019":[144],"which,":[145],"although":[146],"more":[147],"complex":[148],"than":[149],"one":[151],"presented":[152],"industry":[155],"its":[157],"copyright/anti-piracy":[158],"campaigns,":[159],"maintains":[160],"status":[162],"quo":[163],"regulatory":[165],"frameworks":[166],"based":[167],"idea":[170],"\u2018primary\u2019":[173],"creator.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T06:06:40.768181","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
