{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083588369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815571914","title":"Social media and protests: An examination of Twitter images of the 2011 Egyptian revolution","display_name":"Social media and protests: An examination of Twitter images of the 2011 Egyptian revolution","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083588369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815571914","mag":"2083588369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444815571914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815571914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056666000","display_name":"Tamara Kharroub","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Kharroub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, USA","Indiana University , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017853674","display_name":"\u00d6zen Ba\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-9704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozen Bas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, USA","Indiana University , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056666000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.8281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99077681,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"1973","last_page":"1992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7962400317192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.7189354300498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7025206685066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.6980635523796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-analysis","display_name":"Content analysis","score":0.6559679508209229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5490619540214539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.45001593232154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.43279579281806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4221900701522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.38614070415496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.32299232482910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.32141363620758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2510807514190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.1985551118850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17822492122650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12292495369911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09888970851898193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7962400317192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.7189354300498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7025206685066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.6980635523796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.6559679508209229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5490619540214539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.45001593232154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.43279579281806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4221900701522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38614070415496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.32299232482910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32141363620758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2510807514190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1985551118850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17822492122650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12292495369911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09888970851898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444815571914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815571914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90970949","https://openalex.org/W386986494","https://openalex.org/W1481981749","https://openalex.org/W1503656438","https://openalex.org/W1526482065","https://openalex.org/W1549649813","https://openalex.org/W1556722229","https://openalex.org/W1976562693","https://openalex.org/W1985090839","https://openalex.org/W1989772081","https://openalex.org/W1996846017","https://openalex.org/W1998002546","https://openalex.org/W2015628539","https://openalex.org/W2019286581","https://openalex.org/W2029201079","https://openalex.org/W2029217231","https://openalex.org/W2033638083","https://openalex.org/W2065828075","https://openalex.org/W2078773796","https://openalex.org/W2082622258","https://openalex.org/W2086853153","https://openalex.org/W2099147692","https://openalex.org/W2121319388","https://openalex.org/W2122572908","https://openalex.org/W2123835189","https://openalex.org/W2124611802","https://openalex.org/W2134558131","https://openalex.org/W2135869619","https://openalex.org/W2137481243","https://openalex.org/W2148737236","https://openalex.org/W2148789875","https://openalex.org/W2149231765","https://openalex.org/W2149369813","https://openalex.org/W2153222072","https://openalex.org/W2155282221","https://openalex.org/W2159473174","https://openalex.org/W2159516798","https://openalex.org/W2163526869","https://openalex.org/W2170298027","https://openalex.org/W2310234675","https://openalex.org/W2322467934","https://openalex.org/W2548081207","https://openalex.org/W2555659174","https://openalex.org/W2945297359","https://openalex.org/W2970785670","https://openalex.org/W4213379465","https://openalex.org/W4229671930","https://openalex.org/W4231900847","https://openalex.org/W4240961251","https://openalex.org/W4254254617","https://openalex.org/W4402855472","https://openalex.org/W4404120703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W4240200267","https://openalex.org/W1511510665","https://openalex.org/W2154955495","https://openalex.org/W1524661185","https://openalex.org/W2078823605","https://openalex.org/W2348524959","https://openalex.org/W1912037221","https://openalex.org/W2568448309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Whereas":[0],"the":[1,16,26,42,48,101,113,126],"role":[2,17],"of":[3,18,28,44,47,54,88,92,122,145],"social":[4,19],"media":[5,20],"in":[6,13,120],"political":[7,149],"activism":[8],"has":[9],"received":[10,112],"much":[11],"attention":[12],"recent":[14],"years,":[15],"images":[21,46,56,93],"remains":[22],"largely":[23],"understudied.":[24],"Given":[25],"potential":[27,131],"emotional":[29],"and":[30,64,108,129],"efficacy-related":[31],"visual":[32],"content":[33,39,43,80,84,102,127,147],"for":[34,125],"motivating":[35],"activism,":[36],"this":[37],"exploratory":[38],"analysis":[40,53],"examined":[41],"Twitter":[45,134],"2011":[49],"Egyptian":[50,75],"revolution.":[51],"The":[52,116],"581":[55],"revealed":[57],"more":[58,95],"efficacy-eliciting":[59,83],"(crowds,":[60],"protest":[61],"activities,":[62],"national":[63],"religious":[65],"symbols)":[66],"than":[67,100],"emotionally":[68,78],"arousing":[69,79],"(violent)":[70],"content,":[71],"especially":[72],"posted":[73,105],"by":[74,106],"users.":[76],"However,":[77],"decreased,":[81],"whereas":[82],"increased":[85],"at":[86],"times":[87],"instability.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"popularity":[91],"was":[94],"associated":[96],"with":[97],"user":[98],"information":[99],"itself.":[103],"Images":[104],"activists":[107],"users":[109],"outside":[110],"Egypt":[111],"most":[114],"attention.":[115],"findings":[117],"are":[118],"discussed":[119],"terms":[121],"possible":[123],"explanations":[124],"patterns":[128],"their":[130,139],"impact":[132],"on":[133],"audience,":[135],"as":[136,138],"well":[137],"contributions":[140],"toward":[141],"establishing":[142],"a":[143],"theory":[144],"user-generated":[146],"during":[148],"movements.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}