{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170728237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814558905","title":"Making games normal: Computer gaming discourse in the 1980s","display_name":"Making games normal: Computer gaming discourse in the 1980s","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170728237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814558905","mag":"2170728237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444814558905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814558905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013440653","display_name":"Graeme Kirkpatrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5040-3746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Graeme Kirkpatrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013440653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1033,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91320284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"8","first_page":"1439","last_page":"1454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10758","display_name":"Cinema and Media Studies","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realm","display_name":"Realm","score":0.8173611164093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freak","display_name":"FREAK","score":0.6892253160476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5904902815818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.5503420829772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-studies","display_name":"Game studies","score":0.4687756597995758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.45245489478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.4117431640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberculture","display_name":"Cyberculture","score":0.4114764332771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3740464150905609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.3450244665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.25095778703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1334100365638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12293112277984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11018815636634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10423880815505981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.8173611164093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776717989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19410276","display_name":"FREAK","level":2,"score":0.6892253160476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5904902815818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5503420829772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2723826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675281","display_name":"Game studies","level":2,"score":0.4687756597995758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45245489478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4117431640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162695957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863590","display_name":"Cyberculture","level":3,"score":0.4114764332771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3740464150905609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3450244665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.25095778703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1334100365638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12293112277984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11018815636634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10423880815505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444814558905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814558905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/2aa05502-1b95-43db-8b75-26dff17c23f0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/2aa05502-1b95-43db-8b75-26dff17c23f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kirkpatrick, G 2014, 'Making games normal: computer gaming discourse in the 1980s', New Media & Society, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1439-1454. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814558905","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/2aa05502-1b95-43db-8b75-26dff17c23f0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/making-games-normal-computer-gaming-discourse-in-the-1980s(2aa05502-1b95-43db-8b75-26dff17c23f0).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3819331","https://openalex.org/W337214658","https://openalex.org/W340479736","https://openalex.org/W589481273","https://openalex.org/W1492833693","https://openalex.org/W1495038747","https://openalex.org/W1516052414","https://openalex.org/W1528909794","https://openalex.org/W1531774004","https://openalex.org/W1582461973","https://openalex.org/W1977949750","https://openalex.org/W1999276793","https://openalex.org/W2007331389","https://openalex.org/W2021675869","https://openalex.org/W2023951458","https://openalex.org/W2070269012","https://openalex.org/W2102480884","https://openalex.org/W2181600176","https://openalex.org/W2181828594","https://openalex.org/W2314084702","https://openalex.org/W2324592753","https://openalex.org/W2489356630","https://openalex.org/W4242795543","https://openalex.org/W4252734895","https://openalex.org/W4255020893","https://openalex.org/W4299165101","https://openalex.org/W4377263246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2477603145","https://openalex.org/W2362587471","https://openalex.org/W3186055594","https://openalex.org/W616603041","https://openalex.org/W2374537924","https://openalex.org/W2622821477","https://openalex.org/W1967746006","https://openalex.org/W2022962580","https://openalex.org/W2170728237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1],"a":[2,15,73,89,97],"study":[3],"of":[4,22,29,58,99,111,122],"1980s":[5],"UK":[6],"computer":[7,64,82,104],"and":[8,91,113,136],"gaming":[9,16,36,45,52],"magazines,":[10],"this":[11],"article":[12],"argues":[13],"that":[14,42,60,127],"discourse":[17,53,110],"emerges":[18],"in":[19,41],"the":[20,23,26,31,67,76,81,103,109,120],"middle":[21],"decade":[24],"with":[25],"strategic":[27],"goal":[28],"normalizing":[30],"activity.":[32],"It":[33],"succeeds":[34],"\u2013":[35,38],"spreads":[37],"but":[39,84],"fails":[40],"to":[43,55,108,132],"present":[44],"effectively":[46],"as":[47,88,96],"an":[48],"attractive":[49],"leisure":[50],"pursuit,":[51],"has":[54],"absorb":[56],"accusations":[57],"abnormality":[59],"were":[61],"levelled":[62],"at":[63],"culture":[65],"from":[66,80],"outset.":[68],"Hence,":[69],"\u2018addictive\u2019":[70],"gameplay":[71],"becomes":[72,106],"good":[74],"thing;":[75],"gamer":[77],"is":[78,85],"distinguished":[79],"obsessive":[83],"still":[86],"defined":[87],"\u2018freak\u2019,":[90],"gaming,":[92],"having":[93],"been":[94],"presented":[95],"realm":[98],"creative":[100],"self-expression":[101],"within":[102],"culture,":[105],"subject":[107],"normal":[112],"correct":[114],"computational":[115],"practice.":[116],"Gaming":[117],"cannot":[118],"escape":[119],"logic":[121],"its":[123],"field,":[124],"which":[125],"determines":[126],"it":[128],"will":[129],"always":[130],"try":[131],"be":[133],"something":[134],"more":[135],"better":[137],"than":[138],"gaming.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
