{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166536514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812457329","title":"Party organizational change and ICTs: The growth of a virtual grassroots?","display_name":"Party organizational change and ICTs: The growth of a virtual grassroots?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166536514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812457329","mag":"2166536514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444812457329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812457329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/65935721/Gibson_etal_2013_NMS_AAM.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023415300","display_name":"Rachel Gibson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-613X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel K. Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015988049","display_name":"Kevin Gillan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-9170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Gillan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007563698","display_name":"Fabienne Greffet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1020-0909"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabienne Greffet","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nancy 2, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nancy 2, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763129","display_name":"Benjamin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7055-6387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin J. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059599144","display_name":"Stephen J. A. Ward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-1637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94981692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.9402999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9330000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassroots","display_name":"Grassroots","score":0.9237321019172668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7094012498855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperlink","display_name":"Hyperlink","score":0.6185761094093323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.5284302830696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.48792311549186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-analysis","display_name":"Content analysis","score":0.45819932222366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4237220883369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3515443205833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3205869495868683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.23005881905555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.20242393016815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17739909887313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.10754001140594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.0950838029384613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781188222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929651","display_name":"Grassroots","level":3,"score":0.9237321019172668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7094012498855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30088001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102014","display_name":"Hyperlink","level":3,"score":0.6185761094093323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5284302830696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48792311549186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.45819932222366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4237220883369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3515443205833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3205869495868683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.23005881905555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.20242393016815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17739909887313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.10754001140594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0950838029384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444812457329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812457329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/1f585998-4aee-41a8-ac9a-551839283ac1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/1f585998-4aee-41a8-ac9a-551839283ac1","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/65935721/Gibson_etal_2013_NMS_AAM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gibson, R K, Gillan, K, Greffet, F, Lee, B J & Ward, S 2013, 'Party organizational change and ICTs: The growth of a virtual grassroots?', New Media and Society, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 31-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812457329","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:halshs-00973386v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00973386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"New Media and Society, 2013, 15 (1), pp.31-51. ⟨10.1177/1461444812457329⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/1f585998-4aee-41a8-ac9a-551839283ac1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nms.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/09/06/1461444812457329.abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/1f585998-4aee-41a8-ac9a-551839283ac1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/1f585998-4aee-41a8-ac9a-551839283ac1","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/65935721/Gibson_etal_2013_NMS_AAM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gibson, R K, Gillan, K, Greffet, F, Lee, B J & Ward, S 2013, 'Party organizational change and ICTs: The growth of a virtual grassroots?', New Media and Society, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 31-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812457329","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1697042098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/H004602/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2166536514.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2166536514.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48428665","https://openalex.org/W94276955","https://openalex.org/W1500963344","https://openalex.org/W1917223206","https://openalex.org/W1972454809","https://openalex.org/W1980329720","https://openalex.org/W1983239396","https://openalex.org/W1991826936","https://openalex.org/W2082914570","https://openalex.org/W2116339812","https://openalex.org/W2117112590","https://openalex.org/W2145793742","https://openalex.org/W2152284345","https://openalex.org/W2340966270","https://openalex.org/W2884627151","https://openalex.org/W4230509593","https://openalex.org/W4231961751","https://openalex.org/W4240286749","https://openalex.org/W4251915880","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293873665","https://openalex.org/W4388079888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038284070","https://openalex.org/W2020931302","https://openalex.org/W2393835291","https://openalex.org/W2349375644","https://openalex.org/W2375743546","https://openalex.org/W1992295819","https://openalex.org/W1543675275","https://openalex.org/W2370005928","https://openalex.org/W1017320593","https://openalex.org/W2394071959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,14,39,60,66,103],"relationship":[4],"between":[5],"unofficial":[6],"party":[7,11,49,89],"blogs":[8,50,61,81],"and":[9,30,33,43,72,108],"official":[10],"sources":[12],"in":[13],"UK":[15],"using":[16],"a":[17],"mixed-method":[18],"approach.":[19],"Specifically":[20],"we":[21],"combine":[22],"interview":[23],"data":[24],"with":[25],"content":[26],"analysis,":[27],"user":[28],"surveys":[29],"usage":[31],"data,":[32],"finally":[34],"hyperlink":[35],"analysis":[36],"to":[37],"profile":[38],"emergence,":[40],"popularity,":[41],"audience":[42],"online":[44],"prominence":[45],"of":[46],"four":[47],"major":[48],"since":[51],"2005.":[52],"The":[53,78],"core":[54],"question":[55],"posed":[56],"is":[57],"how":[58],"far":[59],"are":[62,95],"challenging":[63],"parties":[64],"as":[65],"focal":[67],"point":[68],"for":[69,88,106],"member":[70],"activism":[71],"offering":[73],"an":[74,83],"alternative":[75,85],"public":[76],"\u2018voice\u2019.":[77],"findings":[79],"show":[80],"occupy":[82],"important":[84],"critical":[86],"space":[87],"debate,":[90],"particularly":[91],"outside":[92],"elections.":[93],"They":[94],"not":[96],"mobilizing":[97],"tools,":[98],"however,":[99],"being":[100],"used":[101],"by":[102],"grassroots":[104],"largely":[105],"information-gathering":[107],"discussion":[109],"purposes.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}