{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162947666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582261456889","title":"Triple-stack geostatistical modeling for urban injury: Integrating grids, built environment, and Poisson kriging for pedestrian fatalities in Cali, Colombia","display_name":"Triple-stack geostatistical modeling for urban injury: Integrating grids, built environment, and Poisson kriging for pedestrian fatalities in Cali, Colombia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162947666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582261456889","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42218637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14604582261456889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582261456889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582261456889","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137512009","display_name":"Lani Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-6506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143490","display_name":"Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0557kgc34","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210143490","https://openalex.org/I4210148470"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157459","display_name":"Biostatistical Consulting (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8v7d26","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157459"]}],"countries":["RU","SG","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lani Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Performance Computing and Data Center, University of Alabama","Lani Fox Geostatistical Consulting, Claremont, CA, USA","University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-6506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Performance Computing and Data Center, University of Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143490","https://openalex.org/I3004594783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lani Fox Geostatistical Consulting, Claremont, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157459"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123482068","display_name":"Marc Serre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Serre","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137501827","display_name":"Daniel A. Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel A. Rodr\u00edguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137479872","display_name":"Shrikant I. Bangdiwala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shrikant I. Bangdiwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054756290","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Villaveces","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-2741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s Villaveces","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5137512009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I4210143490","https://openalex.org/I4210157459"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75606277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"14604582261456889","last_page":"14604582261456889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.20810000598430634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.20810000598430634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.10050000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.094200000166893,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.6546000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-regression","display_name":"Poisson regression","score":0.6377000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution","display_name":"Poisson distribution","score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-cell","display_name":"Grid cell","score":0.4009000062942505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.6546000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73269764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954529","display_name":"Poisson regression","level":3,"score":0.6377000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983008078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863495","display_name":"Grid cell","level":3,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125572338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440020","display_name":"Geostatistics","level":3,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148803439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4986688","display_name":"Built environment","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2628999948501587}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069636","descriptor_name":"Pedestrians","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069636","descriptor_name":"Pedestrians","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076624","descriptor_name":"Built Environment","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076624","descriptor_name":"Built Environment","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076624","descriptor_name":"Built Environment","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076624","descriptor_name":"Built Environment","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003105","descriptor_name":"Colombia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003105","descriptor_name":"Colombia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016012","descriptor_name":"Poisson Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016012","descriptor_name":"Poisson Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14604582261456889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582261456889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42218637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42218637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health informatics journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/7d5ce7ac-87ad-4314-a85d-deffd6f02b66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/7d5ce7ac-87ad-4314-a85d-deffd6f02b66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fox, L, Serre, M, Villaveces, A, Bangdiwala, S & Rodriguez, D 2026, 'Triple-stack geostatistical modeling for urban injury : Integrating grids, built environment, and Poisson kriging for pedestrian fatalities in Cali, Colombia', Health Informatics Journal, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582261456889","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/7d5ce7ac-87ad-4314-a85d-deffd6f02b66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/7d5ce7ac-87ad-4314-a85d-deffd6f02b66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fox, L, Serre, M, Villaveces, A, Bangdiwala, S & Rodriguez, D 2026, 'Triple-stack geostatistical modeling for urban injury : Integrating grids, built environment, and Poisson kriging for pedestrian fatalities in Cali, Colombia', Health Informatics Journal, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582261456889","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14604582261456889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582261456889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4690590500831604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487545974","https://openalex.org/W1590281652","https://openalex.org/W1970113749","https://openalex.org/W1975381045","https://openalex.org/W1977638146","https://openalex.org/W2011909531","https://openalex.org/W2032395805","https://openalex.org/W2044077163","https://openalex.org/W2054036439","https://openalex.org/W2057533175","https://openalex.org/W2063643314","https://openalex.org/W2065974912","https://openalex.org/W2075050770","https://openalex.org/W2076884345","https://openalex.org/W2083251376","https://openalex.org/W2087045989","https://openalex.org/W2095760087","https://openalex.org/W2107399237","https://openalex.org/W2110634923","https://openalex.org/W2309126352","https://openalex.org/W2334392363","https://openalex.org/W2521512204","https://openalex.org/W2593201274","https://openalex.org/W2645693687","https://openalex.org/W2910568547","https://openalex.org/W2944149160","https://openalex.org/W3005049317","https://openalex.org/W3012842641","https://openalex.org/W3027893153","https://openalex.org/W3097476153","https://openalex.org/W3159389743","https://openalex.org/W3174576752","https://openalex.org/W3210278076","https://openalex.org/W4200288274","https://openalex.org/W4213167576","https://openalex.org/W4294740330","https://openalex.org/W4368361811","https://openalex.org/W4379056206","https://openalex.org/W4379514772","https://openalex.org/W4379721219","https://openalex.org/W4384134773","https://openalex.org/W4386096120","https://openalex.org/W4388730026","https://openalex.org/W4399393755","https://openalex.org/W4403936360","https://openalex.org/W4406066330","https://openalex.org/W4406985583","https://openalex.org/W4408985033","https://openalex.org/W7124834655","https://openalex.org/W7127904174"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,32],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,36,52,123,140],"novel":[3],"geostatistical":[4],"framework":[5,121],"to":[6,163,178],"map":[7],"and":[8,29,49,61,89,104,170],"predict":[9],"pedestrian":[10,77],"fatalities":[11],"in":[12,19,27,155,193],"Cali,":[13],"Colombia":[14],"(2008-2010),":[15],"addressing":[16,65],"critical":[17],"gaps":[18],"research":[20],"on":[21],"built":[22,58,70],"environment":[23,59,71],"risk":[24,84,99,197],"factors":[25],"particularly":[26],"low-":[28],"middle-income":[30],"countries.":[31],"triple":[33],"stack:":[34],"(1)":[35],"grid-based":[37],"global":[38],"moving":[39],"window":[40],"reducing":[41,105],"the":[42,82,164,168,180,184],"modifiable":[43],"areal":[44],"unit":[45],"problem,":[46],"redistributing":[47],"events":[48],"population;":[50],"(2)":[51],"Poisson-based":[53],"land":[54],"use":[55],"regression":[56],"incorporating":[57],"data;":[60],"(3)":[62],"Poisson":[63,173],"kriging":[64,174],"small":[66],"number":[67,182],"issues.":[68],"Nine":[69],"variables":[72],"were":[73,92,114],"significant":[74],"predictors":[75],"of":[76],"fatalities.":[78],"Health":[79],"centers":[80],"had":[81],"highest":[83],"increase":[85],"(54%),":[86],"while":[87],"parks":[88],"population":[90,110],"density":[91],"protective.":[93],"The":[94,120],"triple-stack":[95],"model":[96,156],"markedly":[97],"improved":[98],"prediction,":[100],"sharpening":[101],"hotspot":[102],"delineation":[103],"background":[106],"noise;":[107],"at":[108],"high":[109],"densities,":[111],"predictive":[112,157],"errors":[113],"as":[115,117],"low":[116],"0.26":[118],"deaths.":[119],"is":[122,175],"transferable":[124],"tool":[125],"for":[126],"other":[127],"urban":[128],"contexts;":[129],"thus,":[130],"we":[131],"provide":[132],"method":[133],"decision-making":[134],"support":[135],"helping":[136],"users":[137],"select":[138],"between":[139],"simplified,":[141],"codeless,":[142],"GUI":[143],"based":[144],"platform":[145],"or":[146],"an":[147],"advanced,":[148],"custom-coded":[149],"approach.":[150],"Our":[151],"results":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"gains":[154],"accuracy":[158],"may":[159,188],"be":[160],"primarily":[161],"attributable":[162],"first":[165,185],"two":[166,186],"layers,":[167],"grid":[169],"LUR.":[171],"Although,":[172],"traditionally":[176],"used":[177],"address":[179],"\"small":[181],"problem,\"":[183],"layers":[187],"substantially":[189],"stabilize":[190],"rates,":[191],"resulting":[192],"more":[194],"realistic,":[195],"interpretable":[196],"maps.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2026-06-01T00:00:00"}