{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401747741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582241275844","title":"AI-based epidemic and pandemic early warning systems: A systematic scoping review","display_name":"AI-based epidemic and pandemic early warning systems: A systematic scoping review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401747741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582241275844","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39172555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14604582241275844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582241275844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582241275844","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001888939","display_name":"Christo El Morr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-3438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christo El Morr","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-3438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106662072","display_name":"Deniz Ozdemir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0068-7465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deniz Ozdemir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0068-7465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106662073","display_name":"Yasmeen Asdaah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasmeen Asdaah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075046294","display_name":"Antoine Saab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-0875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123861","display_name":"Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui-University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036da3063","country_code":"LB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123861"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoine Saab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quality and Safety Department, Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui-UMC, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-0875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quality and Safety Department, Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui-UMC, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086055702","display_name":"Yahya El\u2010Lahib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-5728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yahya El-Lahib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046392453","display_name":"Elie Salem Sokhn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-6790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36314861","display_name":"Beirut Arab University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jya5567","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36314861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123861","display_name":"Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui-University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036da3063","country_code":"LB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123861"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elie Salem Sokhn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory Department, Lebanese Hospital-Geitaoui University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon","Molecular testing Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Department, Lebanese Hospital-Geitaoui University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular testing Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36314861"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046392453"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36314861","https://openalex.org/I4210123861"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":14.1989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99316679,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"14604582241275844","last_page":"14604582241275844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.6435526609420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6150354743003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.5606250166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.531439483165741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5059298872947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4613371789455414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4399595260620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.424153208732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.41797080636024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3547174632549286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.324795663356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.21884003281593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16676175594329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.1600324511528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.14654025435447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11740955710411072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.09751224517822266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.6435526609420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6150354743003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.5606250166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.531439483165741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5059298872947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4613371789455414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4399595260620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.424153208732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.41797080636024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3547174632549286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.324795663356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21884003281593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16676175594329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.1600324511528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.14654025435447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11740955710411072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.09751224517822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058872","descriptor_name":"Epidemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058872","descriptor_name":"Epidemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058872","descriptor_name":"Epidemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058872","descriptor_name":"Epidemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058872","descriptor_name":"Epidemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058872","descriptor_name":"Epidemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14604582241275844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582241275844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39172555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39172555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health informatics journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aec95f7eca47432483a1bf0af2e12450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aec95f7eca47432483a1bf0af2e12450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal, Vol 30 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14604582241275844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582241275844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066296745","https://openalex.org/W2105321265","https://openalex.org/W2414792569","https://openalex.org/W2560438049","https://openalex.org/W2658807752","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2928562402","https://openalex.org/W2970311917","https://openalex.org/W2999103859","https://openalex.org/W2999823319","https://openalex.org/W2999849642","https://openalex.org/W3003302141","https://openalex.org/W3023018735","https://openalex.org/W3028354819","https://openalex.org/W3080977802","https://openalex.org/W3092723799","https://openalex.org/W3094497334","https://openalex.org/W3111581013","https://openalex.org/W3126550008","https://openalex.org/W3158093542","https://openalex.org/W3161094615","https://openalex.org/W3169835963","https://openalex.org/W3172548070","https://openalex.org/W3205570044","https://openalex.org/W3209874526","https://openalex.org/W3213248267","https://openalex.org/W3214765321","https://openalex.org/W3216027625","https://openalex.org/W4214816844","https://openalex.org/W4223947403","https://openalex.org/W4282822959","https://openalex.org/W4283785748","https://openalex.org/W4285815136","https://openalex.org/W4292551344","https://openalex.org/W4294811359","https://openalex.org/W4300590328","https://openalex.org/W4304845711","https://openalex.org/W4304943263","https://openalex.org/W4310240523","https://openalex.org/W4312474290","https://openalex.org/W4313417942","https://openalex.org/W4318257132","https://openalex.org/W4320059572","https://openalex.org/W4321636137","https://openalex.org/W4361010280","https://openalex.org/W4378717986","https://openalex.org/W4378979428","https://openalex.org/W4381245497","https://openalex.org/W4385451331","https://openalex.org/W4385626439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118717649","https://openalex.org/W2413243053","https://openalex.org/W410723623","https://openalex.org/W2015341305","https://openalex.org/W2035068594","https://openalex.org/W4225593417","https://openalex.org/W2573498121","https://openalex.org/W3022298670","https://openalex.org/W3160494304","https://openalex.org/W3006162251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AI":[0],"has":[1],"shown":[2],"promise":[3],"in":[4],"enhancing":[5],"the":[6,29],"speed":[7],"and":[8,20,31,38,45],"accuracy":[9],"of":[10,33],"epidemic":[11],"detection.":[12],"However,":[13],"challenges":[14],"related":[15],"to":[16,24,27],"data":[17],"quality,":[18],"bias,":[19],"model":[21],"transparency":[22],"need":[23],"be":[25],"addressed":[26],"improve":[28],"reliability":[30],"generalizability":[32],"AI-based":[34],"EWS.":[35],"Continuous":[36],"monitoring":[37],"improvement,":[39],"as":[40,42],"well":[41],"incorporating":[43],"social":[44],"environmental":[46],"data,":[47],"are":[48],"essential":[49],"for":[50],"future":[51],"development.":[52]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
