{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2978018251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219866350","title":"Electronic health records in a Blockchain: A systematic review","display_name":"Electronic health records in a Blockchain: A systematic review","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2978018251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219866350","mag":"2978018251","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31566472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1460458219866350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219866350","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1460458219866350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1460458219866350","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083462228","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Henrique Mayer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61722147","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctmmy43","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Henrique Mayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024617531","display_name":"Cristiano Andr\u00e9 da Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-6199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61722147","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctmmy43","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cristiano Andr\u00e9 da Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-6199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008805433","display_name":"Rodrigo da Rosa Righi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-7660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61722147","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctmmy43","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo da Rosa Righi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024617531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.6832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":214,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99641713,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"1273","last_page":"1288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.954200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.932200014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8977506756782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.6230438351631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ledger","display_name":"Distributed ledger","score":0.5165623426437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.5041075944900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.49321192502975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-exchange","display_name":"Health information exchange","score":0.4929697513580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4886203408241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48808515071868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.41790515184402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3764006197452545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3448740243911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information","display_name":"Health information","score":0.2784554362297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23943445086479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.14781397581100464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8977506756782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.6230438351631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777541363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110971","display_name":"Distributed ledger","level":3,"score":0.5165623426437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.5041075944900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.49321192502975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778759051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5691085","display_name":"Health information exchange","level":4,"score":0.4929697513580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4886203408241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48808515071868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.41790515184402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3764006197452545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3448740243911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.2784554362297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23943445086479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14781397581100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066275","descriptor_name":"Health Information Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066275","descriptor_name":"Health Information Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066275","descriptor_name":"Health Information Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1460458219866350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219866350","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1460458219866350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31566472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31566472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health informatics journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1e08cdef04a47e08dc2125bca45906e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1e08cdef04a47e08dc2125bca45906e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal, Vol 26 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1460458219866350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219866350","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1460458219866350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1343125799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"405354/2016-9 and 303640/2017-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2978018251.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69006101","https://openalex.org/W2102144719","https://openalex.org/W2514994441","https://openalex.org/W2553168104","https://openalex.org/W2616934625","https://openalex.org/W2626526019","https://openalex.org/W2736904962","https://openalex.org/W2739275733","https://openalex.org/W2751179194","https://openalex.org/W2758039286","https://openalex.org/W2765226969","https://openalex.org/W2765928069","https://openalex.org/W2767307339","https://openalex.org/W2767841578","https://openalex.org/W2791157661","https://openalex.org/W2791616896","https://openalex.org/W2791935104","https://openalex.org/W2792337086","https://openalex.org/W2802653242","https://openalex.org/W2802745431","https://openalex.org/W2810476200","https://openalex.org/W2845081339","https://openalex.org/W2884801835","https://openalex.org/W2885564324","https://openalex.org/W2963993810","https://openalex.org/W2975531532","https://openalex.org/W4253314500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253897078","https://openalex.org/W4283163498","https://openalex.org/W3160375675","https://openalex.org/W4221010187","https://openalex.org/W4320037181","https://openalex.org/W3164536060","https://openalex.org/W4360999634","https://openalex.org/W4392013030","https://openalex.org/W4283391561","https://openalex.org/W4381329650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0,62,123],"could":[1],"reinvent":[2],"the":[3,25,41,58,75,92,110,120],"way":[4],"patient's":[5],"electronic":[6],"health":[7,18],"records":[8],"are":[9],"shared":[10],"and":[11,39,63,66,70,105,109,117,128],"stored":[12],"by":[13,28,74],"providing":[14],"safer":[15],"mechanisms":[16],"for":[17,124],"information":[19],"exchange":[20],"of":[21,43,77,122],"medical":[22],"data":[23,114],"in":[24,82,91,99],"healthcare":[26,64],"industry,":[27],"securing":[29],"it":[30],"over":[31],"a":[32,48,83],"decentralized":[33],"peer-to-peer":[34],"network.":[35],"Intending":[36],"to":[37,56],"support":[38],"ease":[40],"understanding":[42],"this":[44],"distributed":[45],"ledger":[46],"technology,":[47],"solid":[49],"Systematic":[50],"Literature":[51],"Review":[52],"was":[53],"conducted,":[54],"aiming":[55],"explore":[57],"recent":[59],"literature":[60],"on":[61],"domain":[65],"identify":[67],"existing":[68],"challenges":[69,104],"open":[71,106],"questions,":[72],"guided":[73],"raise":[76],"research":[78],"questions":[79,107],"regarding":[80,119],"EHR":[81,125],"Blockchain.":[84],"More":[85],"than":[86],"300":[87],"scientific":[88],"studies":[89],"published":[90],"last":[93],"ten":[94],"years":[95],"were":[96,126],"surveyed,":[97],"resulting":[98],"an":[100],"up-to-date":[101],"taxonomy":[102],"creation,":[103],"identified,":[108],"most":[111],"significant":[112],"approaches,":[113],"types,":[115],"standards":[116],"architectures":[118],"use":[121],"assessed":[127],"discussed.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}