{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2915258204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219827349","title":"Sleep stage detection using only heart rate","display_name":"Sleep stage detection using only heart rate","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2915258204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219827349","mag":"2915258204","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30782049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1460458219827349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219827349","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1460458219827349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1460458219827349","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020657583","display_name":"Yasue Mitsukura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-8589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasue Mitsukura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073381036","display_name":"Koichi Fukunaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-1990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Koichi Fukunaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101767270","display_name":"Masato Yasui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-1779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masato Yasui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033519257","display_name":"Masaru Mimura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3874-5273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaru Mimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073381036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75747983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"376","last_page":"387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.8265465497970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.7403053045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.5435410141944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-stages","display_name":"Sleep Stages","score":0.49946165084838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-quality","display_name":"Sleep quality","score":0.4824986457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.47039660811424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insomnia","display_name":"Insomnia","score":0.3149568438529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.294392466545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.1704578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.15677842497825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.13669219613075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.13192608952522278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.8265465497970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.7403053045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.5435410141944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.49946165084838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983189541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep quality","level":3,"score":0.4824986457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47039660811424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874","display_name":"Insomnia","level":2,"score":0.3149568438529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.294392466545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.1704578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15677842497825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.13669219613075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.13192608952522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1460458219827349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219827349","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1460458219827349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30782049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30782049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health informatics journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1460458219827349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219827349","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1460458219827349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2915258204.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2915258204.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7692620","https://openalex.org/W65738273","https://openalex.org/W1638975642","https://openalex.org/W1991133427","https://openalex.org/W2005618907","https://openalex.org/W2007321142","https://openalex.org/W2024704496","https://openalex.org/W2055731784","https://openalex.org/W2056795075","https://openalex.org/W2077247546","https://openalex.org/W2088478798","https://openalex.org/W2101927907","https://openalex.org/W2102376611","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2134726485","https://openalex.org/W2141674233","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2159050827","https://openalex.org/W2169807215","https://openalex.org/W2182128348","https://openalex.org/W2187262870","https://openalex.org/W2210119316","https://openalex.org/W2316139099","https://openalex.org/W2319772445","https://openalex.org/W2326006388","https://openalex.org/W2521530159","https://openalex.org/W2525537354","https://openalex.org/W2538402747","https://openalex.org/W2762826132","https://openalex.org/W2800058182","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4241115065","https://openalex.org/W4242688646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366640204","https://openalex.org/W2348551484","https://openalex.org/W4382652490","https://openalex.org/W4390146185","https://openalex.org/W3112481854","https://openalex.org/W3034476225","https://openalex.org/W4378835439","https://openalex.org/W4312505322","https://openalex.org/W3121188996","https://openalex.org/W2980785317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Getting":[0],"enough":[1],"quality":[2,16,33,53,70,151],"sleep":[3,32,44,54,69,92,108,131,150,171,179,193,208,224,227,237,255,259],"plays":[4],"a":[5,159,210,217],"vital":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,50,67,121,167],"protecting":[9],"our":[10,122,201],"mental":[11],"health,":[12,14],"physical":[13],"and":[15,30,39,106,257],"of":[17,43,98,161,223],"life.":[18],"Sleep":[19],"deprivation":[20],"can":[21,83,229,238],"make":[22,250],"it":[23,251],"difficult":[24],"to":[25,80,89,102,146,220,253],"concentrate":[26],"on":[27,72,135,153],"daily":[28],"activities,":[29],"lower":[31],"is":[34,47,93,133],"associated":[35],"with":[36,184,209,242],"hypertension,":[37],"hyperglycemia,":[38],"hyperlipidemia.":[40],"The":[41,96,164],"amount":[42],"we":[45],"get":[46],"important,":[48],"but":[49],"recent":[51],"years,":[52],"has":[55,62,118],"also":[56],"been":[57,63,119],"deemed":[58],"significant.":[59],"Polysomnography,":[60],"which":[61,82],"the":[64,76,130,141,149,169,204,221,233],"gold":[65],"standard":[66],"assessing":[68],"based":[71,152],"stages,":[73],"requires":[74],"that":[75],"subject":[77],"be":[78,230,239],"attached":[79],"electrodes,":[81],"disrupt":[84],"sleep.":[85],"An":[86],"easier":[87,252],"method":[88,196,202,248],"objectively":[90],"measure":[91],"therefore":[94],"needed.":[95],"aim":[97],"this":[99],"study":[100,114,215],"was":[101,173],"construct":[103],"an":[104],"easy":[105,126],"objective":[107],"stage":[109,194],"monitoring":[110,129],"method.":[111],"A":[112,124],"cross-sectional":[113],"for":[115,128,178,207],"healthy":[116],"subjects":[117],"done":[120],"research.":[123],"new":[125],"model":[127],"stages":[132,172,177,228,256],"built":[134],"only":[136,198],"heart":[137,199,234,244],"rate":[138,235,245],"calculated":[139],"by":[140,232],"electrocardiogram.":[142],"This":[143,156,214,247],"enabled":[144],"us":[145],"easily":[147],"assess":[148],"five":[154,170,192,205],"stages.":[155],"experiment":[157],"included":[158],"total":[160],"50":[162],"subjects.":[163],"overall":[165],"accuracy":[166],"determining":[168],"66.0":[174],"percent.":[175],"Four":[176],"are":[180,190],"identified":[181],"accurately":[182],"compared":[183],"other":[185],"conventional":[186],"methods.":[187],"Despite":[188],"there":[189],"no":[191],"separation":[195,206],"using":[197],"rate,":[200],"achieved":[203],"relatively":[211],"good":[212],"accuracy.":[213],"represents":[216],"great":[218],"contribution":[219],"field":[222],"science.":[225],"Because":[226],"recognized":[231],"alone,":[236],"noninvasively":[240],"assessed":[241],"any":[243],"meter.":[246],"will":[249],"determine":[254],"diagnose":[258],"disorders.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
