{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345564273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458216647089","title":"Under-coding of secondary conditions in coded hospital health data: Impact of co-existing conditions, death status and number of codes in a record","display_name":"Under-coding of secondary conditions in coded hospital health data: Impact of co-existing conditions, death status and number of codes in a record","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345564273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458216647089","mag":"2345564273","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27161140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1460458216647089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458216647089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000122359","display_name":"Mingkai Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0789-7175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingkai Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052576941","display_name":"Danielle A. Southern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-0033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danielle A Southern","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065982019","display_name":"Tyler Williamson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-2345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090161362","display_name":"Hude Quan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7848-7256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hude Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090161362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97526982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"260","last_page":"267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.9466999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6540253162384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.6246650218963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5945422649383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnosis-code","display_name":"Diagnosis code","score":0.5036022067070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-discharge","display_name":"Hospital discharge","score":0.4533991813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.2912347614765167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.25077712535858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14153948426246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","score":0.12053430080413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.11344683170318604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6540253162384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6246650218963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5945422649383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45827449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270338","display_name":"Diagnosis code","level":3,"score":0.5036022067070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017624810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259564","display_name":"Hospital discharge","level":2,"score":0.4533991813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2912347614765167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25077712535858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14153948426246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.12053430080413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11344683170318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000416","descriptor_name":"Alberta","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000416","descriptor_name":"Alberta","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000416","descriptor_name":"Alberta","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059019","descriptor_name":"Clinical Coding","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059019","descriptor_name":"Clinical Coding","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059019","descriptor_name":"Clinical Coding","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059019","descriptor_name":"Clinical Coding","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059019","descriptor_name":"Clinical Coding","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059019","descriptor_name":"Clinical Coding","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059019","descriptor_name":"Clinical Coding","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059019","descriptor_name":"Clinical Coding","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059019","descriptor_name":"Clinical Coding","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1460458216647089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458216647089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201800618","display_name":"Health Informatics Journal","issn_l":"1460-4582","issn":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Informatics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27161140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27161140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health informatics journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582456500","https://openalex.org/W1991725255","https://openalex.org/W2003129453","https://openalex.org/W2036378305","https://openalex.org/W2045030413","https://openalex.org/W2050034771","https://openalex.org/W2057780602","https://openalex.org/W2061326496","https://openalex.org/W2073780661","https://openalex.org/W2080106186","https://openalex.org/W2105209720","https://openalex.org/W2106041274","https://openalex.org/W2114439881","https://openalex.org/W2125611358","https://openalex.org/W2145310415","https://openalex.org/W2154692607","https://openalex.org/W2167542408","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W4302078529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385477379","https://openalex.org/W2046664900","https://openalex.org/W4292539280","https://openalex.org/W2104308857","https://openalex.org/W2041719492","https://openalex.org/W2899814811","https://openalex.org/W2039808631","https://openalex.org/W2063637233","https://openalex.org/W4205697097","https://openalex.org/W2804342371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,68],"examined":[2],"the":[3,14,23,66,84,90,139],"coding":[4,108,132],"validity":[5,77,109,113],"of":[6,16,25,83,92,101,105,114,125,133,141],"hypertension,":[7],"diabetes,":[8],"obesity":[9],"and":[10,22,48,59,123],"depression":[11],"related":[12,88,118],"to":[13,52,89,119,137],"presence":[15,91],"their":[17,50,93],"co-existing":[18],"conditions,":[19],"death":[20,106],"status":[21],"number":[24,100],"diagnosis":[26,102,136],"codes":[27],"in":[28,45,57],"hospital":[29],"discharge":[30,37],"abstract":[31,38],"database.":[32],"We":[33,129],"randomly":[34],"selected":[35],"4007":[36],"database":[39],"records":[40],"from":[41],"four":[42,67,85],"teaching":[43],"hospitals":[44],"Alberta,":[46],"Canada":[47],"reviewed":[49],"charts":[51],"extract":[53],"31":[54],"conditions":[55,69,86,115],"listed":[56],"Charlson":[58],"Elixhauser":[60],"comorbidity":[61],"indices.":[62],"Conditions":[63],"associated":[64,94],"with":[65,98],"were":[70],"identified":[71],"through":[72],"multivariable":[73],"logistic":[74],"regression.":[75],"Coding":[76,112],"(i.e.":[78],"sensitivity,":[79],"positive":[80],"predictive":[81],"value)":[82],"was":[87],"conditions.":[95],"Sensitivity":[96],"increased":[97],"increasing":[99],"code.":[103],"Impact":[104],"on":[107,145],"is":[110,116],"minimal.":[111],"closely":[117],"its":[120],"clinical":[121],"importance":[122],"complexity":[124],"patients'":[126],"case":[127],"mix.":[128],"recommend":[130],"mandatory":[131],"certain":[134],"secondary":[135],"meet":[138],"need":[140],"health":[142,147],"research":[143],"based":[144],"administrative":[146],"data.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}