{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414548549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10943420251382476","title":"HPL-MxP benchmark: Mixed-precision algorithms, iterative refinement, and scalable data generation","display_name":"HPL-MxP benchmark: Mixed-precision algorithms, iterative refinement, and scalable data generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414548549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10943420251382476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/10943420251382476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10943420251382476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"1094-3420","issn":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.19618","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075517045","display_name":"Jack Dongarra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-1782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281378812","display_name":"Oak Ridge Associated Universities","ror":"https://ror.org/0526p1y61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281378812"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Dongarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","Computer Science and Mathematics, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","Innovative Computing Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Mathematics, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1281378812"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Computing Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073990539","display_name":"Piotr \u0141uszczek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0089-6965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Luszczek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovative Computing Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","MIT Lincoln Laboratory, LLSC, Lexington, MA, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Computing Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, LLSC, Lexington, MA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073990539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26847674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":"52","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10792","display_name":"Matrix Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-refinement","display_name":"Iterative refinement","score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorization","display_name":"Factorization","score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.44449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7401999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094420","display_name":"Iterative refinement","level":2,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187834632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188804","display_name":"Factorization","level":2,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123213974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833089","display_name":"LU decomposition","level":4,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113313756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332791","display_name":"Diagonal matrix","level":3,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176321772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430640","display_name":"Numerical stability","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/10943420251382476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10943420251382476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"1094-3420","issn":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.19618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19618","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.19618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.19618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19618","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.19618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1514730378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2004541","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","funder_display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G675320460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","funder_display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7625705450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-19-2-1000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/025kzpk63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105504140","https://openalex.org/W148852858","https://openalex.org/W167118104","https://openalex.org/W1493774699","https://openalex.org/W1558296484","https://openalex.org/W1579278367","https://openalex.org/W1974755392","https://openalex.org/W1982698949","https://openalex.org/W2018136118","https://openalex.org/W2025516544","https://openalex.org/W2037785139","https://openalex.org/W2041876368","https://openalex.org/W2042696716","https://openalex.org/W2070376917","https://openalex.org/W2079400692","https://openalex.org/W2088415187","https://openalex.org/W2112979995","https://openalex.org/W2140153041","https://openalex.org/W2169631286","https://openalex.org/W2171404670","https://openalex.org/W2599973081","https://openalex.org/W2752879223","https://openalex.org/W2766659420","https://openalex.org/W2809901679","https://openalex.org/W2903589674","https://openalex.org/W2910374893","https://openalex.org/W2920482256","https://openalex.org/W2982077220","https://openalex.org/W3021029305","https://openalex.org/W3022136271","https://openalex.org/W3084211317","https://openalex.org/W3108141724","https://openalex.org/W3113663751","https://openalex.org/W3130650642","https://openalex.org/W3136816837","https://openalex.org/W3157984709","https://openalex.org/W3161018377","https://openalex.org/W4230254892","https://openalex.org/W4235077482","https://openalex.org/W4287975160","https://openalex.org/W4318603194","https://openalex.org/W4320061941","https://openalex.org/W4321636633","https://openalex.org/W4381327231","https://openalex.org/W4384824212","https://openalex.org/W4392884779","https://openalex.org/W4402733233","https://openalex.org/W4403222320","https://openalex.org/W4406157310","https://openalex.org/W4412449842"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,22,83],"present":[1,85],"a":[2,10,15,38,110],"mixed-precision":[3],"benchmark":[4,78,90],"called":[5],"HPL-MxP":[6],"that":[7],"uses":[8],"both":[9],"lower-precision":[11],"LU":[12],"factorization":[13],"with":[14,96],"non-stationary":[16],"iterative":[17],"refinement":[18],"based":[19],"on":[20],"GMRES.":[21],"evaluate":[23],"the":[24,30,34,44,48,54,58,73,76,86,89,114],"numerical":[25],"stability":[26],"of":[27,29,32,53,57,75,88,98],"one":[28],"methods":[31],"generating":[33],"input":[35],"matrix":[36],"in":[37,51],"scalable":[39],"fashion":[40],"and":[41],"show":[42],"how":[43],"diagonal":[45],"scaling":[46],"affects":[47],"solution":[49],"quality":[50],"terms":[52],"backward-error.":[55],"Some":[56],"performance":[59],"results":[60],"at":[61],"large":[62],"scale":[63],"supercomputing":[64],"installations":[65],"produced":[66],"Exascale-level":[67],"compute":[68],"throughput":[69],"numbers":[70],"thus":[71],"proving":[72],"viability":[74],"proposed":[77],"for":[79,101,113],"evaluating":[80],"such":[81],"machines.":[82],"also":[84],"potential":[87],"to":[91,108],"continue":[92],"increasing":[93],"its":[94],"use":[95],"proliferation":[97],"hardware":[99],"accelerators":[100],"AI":[102],"workloads":[103],"whose":[104],"reliable":[105],"evaluation":[106],"continues":[107],"pose":[109],"particular":[111],"challenge":[112],"users.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}