{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056193931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342005056115","title":"The Model Coupling Toolkit: A New Fortran90 Toolkit for Building Multiphysics Parallel Coupled Models","display_name":"The Model Coupling Toolkit: A New Fortran90 Toolkit for Building Multiphysics Parallel Coupled Models","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056193931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342005056115","mag":"2056193931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1094342005056115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342005056115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"1094-3420","issn":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113688694","display_name":"J. Walter Larson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jay Larson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory\r                        Argonne, IL 60439, USA,","Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory#R# Argonne, IL 60439, USA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory\r                        Argonne, IL 60439, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory#R# Argonne, IL 60439, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103027685","display_name":"Robert Jacob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-6593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Jacob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory\r                        Argonne, IL 60439, USA","Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory#R# Argonne, IL 60439, USA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory\r                        Argonne, IL 60439, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory#R# Argonne, IL 60439, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113499041","display_name":"Everest Ong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Everest Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory\r                        Argonne, IL 60439, USA","Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory#R# Argonne, IL 60439, USA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory\r                        Argonne, IL 60439, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory#R# Argonne, IL 60439, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113688694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":440,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97464623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"277","last_page":"292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.7656970620155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7574038505554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiphysics","display_name":"Multiphysics","score":0.7502626180648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5915485620498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-programming-model","display_name":"Parallel programming model","score":0.5826148986816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.5515664219856262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.5072950720787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.5040863752365112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.49379095435142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.48611998558044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42352789640426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.40506118535995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3911067843437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.35332274436950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3244208097457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.1473427414894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.13796165585517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09962397813796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09638532996177673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.7656970620155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7574038505554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46435376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1829750","display_name":"Multiphysics","level":3,"score":0.7502626180648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5915485620498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137364921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27929394","display_name":"Parallel programming model","level":3,"score":0.5826148986816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.5515664219856262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.5072950720787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.5040863752365112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.49379095435142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.48611998558044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42352789640426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40506118535995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3911067843437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35332274436950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3244208097457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.1473427414894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.13796165585517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09962397813796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09638532996177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1094342005056115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342005056115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"1094-3420","issn":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.133.3128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.133.3128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hpc.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/19/3/277.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.698.7883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.698.7883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mct/IJHPCALarsonMCT.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309626","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31349019","https://openalex.org/W115024046","https://openalex.org/W128897939","https://openalex.org/W1496201598","https://openalex.org/W1554113257","https://openalex.org/W1575350781","https://openalex.org/W1585575983","https://openalex.org/W1589951597","https://openalex.org/W1677862476","https://openalex.org/W1889643525","https://openalex.org/W1917353737","https://openalex.org/W1986811934","https://openalex.org/W1990555615","https://openalex.org/W1993339470","https://openalex.org/W2026042806","https://openalex.org/W2045124321","https://openalex.org/W2085175380","https://openalex.org/W2092126708","https://openalex.org/W2104814438","https://openalex.org/W2128217437","https://openalex.org/W2160692570","https://openalex.org/W2162343095","https://openalex.org/W2173744586","https://openalex.org/W2912263513","https://openalex.org/W2915360072","https://openalex.org/W4233549502","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300109514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028743359","https://openalex.org/W2111416043","https://openalex.org/W4243399827","https://openalex.org/W2098235011","https://openalex.org/W1177194838","https://openalex.org/W2036252294","https://openalex.org/W2135343448","https://openalex.org/W2582319129","https://openalex.org/W2274422285","https://openalex.org/W2392542080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"problems":[1],"in":[2,17,61,81],"science":[3],"and":[4,32,36,73,77,115,144],"engineering":[5],"are":[6],"best":[7],"simulated":[8],"as":[9],"a":[10,18,62,68,82,120,145],"set":[11,83],"of":[12,42,49,84,89,93,119],"mutually":[13],"interacting":[14],"models,":[15,44],"resulting":[16],"coupled":[19,69,95],"or":[20],"multiphysics":[21],"model.":[22,70,123],"These":[23],"models":[24],"present":[25,125,135],"challenges":[26],"stemming":[27],"from":[28,33],"their":[29,34],"interdisciplinary":[30],"nature":[31],"computational":[35,40],"algorithmic":[37],"complexities.":[38],"The":[39],"complexity":[41],"individual":[43],"combined":[45],"with":[46,130],"the":[47,50,91,99,101,116,126],"popularity":[48],"distributed-memory":[51],"parallel":[52,63,94,121],"programming":[53,128],"model":[54,129],"used":[55],"on":[56],"commodity":[57],"micro-processor-based":[58],"clusters,":[59],"results":[60,80,137],"coupling":[64,148],"problem":[65,76],"when":[66],"building":[67],"We":[71,97,124,134],"define":[72],"elucidate":[74],"this":[75],"how":[78],"it":[79],"requirements":[85,114,118],"for":[86,147],"software":[87],"capable":[88],"simplifying":[90],"construction":[92],"models.":[96],"describe":[98],"package,":[100],"Model":[102],"Coupling":[103],"Toolkit":[104],"(MCT),":[105],"which":[106],"we":[107],"have":[108],"developed":[109],"to":[110],"meet":[111],"these":[112],"general":[113],"specific":[117],"climate":[122],"MCT":[127],"illustrative":[131],"code":[132],"examples.":[133],"representative":[136],"that":[138],"measure":[139],"MCT\u2019s":[140],"scalability,":[141],"performance":[142],"portability,":[143],"proxy":[146],"overhead.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}