{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017824443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342004048538","title":"Performance Metrics Based on Computational Action","display_name":"Performance Metrics Based on Computational Action","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017824443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342004048538","mag":"2017824443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1094342004048538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342004048538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"0890-2720","issn":["0890-2720","1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054679872","display_name":"Robert W. Numrich","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Numrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["MINNESOTA SUPERCOMPUTING INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS,\r                        MN 55455, USA","MINNESOTA SUPERCOMPUTING INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS,\r MN 55455, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MINNESOTA SUPERCOMPUTING INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS,\r                        MN 55455, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MINNESOTA SUPERCOMPUTING INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS,\r MN 55455, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054679872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83015943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"449","last_page":"458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.749612033367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.7230225205421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6563053131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5711425542831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.570853590965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5057523250579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4767635464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.460322767496109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3345450758934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27588164806365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.1303556263446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09126421809196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06876584887504578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.05660393834114075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.749612033367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7230225205421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6563053131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5711425542831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.570853590965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5057523250579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4767635464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.460322767496109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3345450758934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27588164806365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.1303556263446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09126421809196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06876584887504578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.05660393834114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1094342004048538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342004048538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"0890-2720","issn":["0890-2720","1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.93.789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.93.789","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hpc.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/18/4/449.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196161482","https://openalex.org/W1543377676","https://openalex.org/W1569339351","https://openalex.org/W1617309848","https://openalex.org/W1680579736","https://openalex.org/W1996690212","https://openalex.org/W2071823615","https://openalex.org/W2187369585","https://openalex.org/W2206699232","https://openalex.org/W2542923016","https://openalex.org/W3142915818","https://openalex.org/W4214585270","https://openalex.org/W4299576709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188500270","https://openalex.org/W2303858293","https://openalex.org/W2798198862","https://openalex.org/W2915512527","https://openalex.org/W2798997222","https://openalex.org/W2793336762","https://openalex.org/W2091548507","https://openalex.org/W51364034","https://openalex.org/W2898073868","https://openalex.org/W4284663758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,10,31,52,67],"propose":[1,80],"a":[2,81,92],"new":[3,82],"performance":[4,58],"metric":[5,70],"based":[6,84],"on":[7,85],"computational":[8,20],"action.":[9,66,111],"examine":[11],"work":[12,27,90,125],"as":[13,22,121],"it":[14],"evolves":[15],"in":[16,74],"time":[17],"and":[18,79],"compute":[19],"action":[21,34,43,87],"the":[23,26,33,42,55,75,95,100,104,113,122],"integral":[24],"of":[25,57,94,103,106,115,124],"function":[28,93],"over":[29],"time.":[30],"compare":[32],"generated":[35,48],"at":[36,49],"less":[37],"than":[38],"full":[39,50],"power":[40],"with":[41],"that":[44,54],"could":[45],"have":[46],"been":[47],"power.":[51],"claim":[53],"goal":[56],"optimization":[59],"is":[60,91],"to":[61,108,127],"minimize":[62,109],"lost,":[63],"or":[64],"wasted,":[65],"calculate":[68,119],"our":[69],"for":[71],"some":[72],"computers":[73],"Top500":[76],"list":[77],"(http://www.top500.org)":[78],"ranking":[83],"least":[86],"wasted.":[88],"When":[89],"resources":[96,128],"applied,":[97],"we":[98,118],"use":[99],"classical":[101],"techniques":[102],"calculus":[105],"variations":[107],"wasted":[110],"From":[112],"result":[114],"this":[116],"exercise,":[117],"productivity":[120],"ratio":[123],"produced":[126],"used.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}