{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965351873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109434200001400303","title":"A Portable Programming Interface for Performance Evaluation on Modern Processors","display_name":"A Portable Programming Interface for Performance Evaluation on Modern Processors","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965351873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109434200001400303","mag":"1965351873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/109434200001400303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109434200001400303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"1094-3420","issn":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112218707","display_name":"Shirley Browne","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Browne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r                        Tennessee, U.S.A","Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r Tennessee, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r                        Tennessee, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r Tennessee, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075517045","display_name":"Jack Dongarra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-1782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Dongarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Oak\r                        Ridge Laboratory, Tennessee, U.S.A","Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Oak Ridge Laboratory, Tennessee, U.S.A.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Oak\r                        Ridge Laboratory, Tennessee, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Oak Ridge Laboratory, Tennessee, U.S.A.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057900836","display_name":"Nicole Garner","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Garner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r                        Tennessee, U.S.A","Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r Tennessee, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r                        Tennessee, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r Tennessee, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021070500","display_name":"G.T.S. Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8550-4974"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r                        Tennessee, U.S.A","Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r Tennessee, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r                        Tennessee, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r Tennessee, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113786035","display_name":"P. Mucci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Mucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r                        Tennessee, U.S.A.,","Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r Tennessee, U.S.A.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r                        Tennessee, U.S.A.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,\r Tennessee, U.S.A.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112218707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":679,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98898876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"189","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8941036462783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7515487670898438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6837882995605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6654787063598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6462134122848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-code","display_name":"Object code","score":0.5959587693214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5458406209945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4535638988018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.447584331035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43414053320884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4276198744773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4148826599121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.39272138476371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.34278935194015503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8941036462783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7515487670898438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6837882995605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6654787063598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6462134122848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154526789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157965","display_name":"Object code","level":4,"score":0.5959587693214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5458406209945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4535638988018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.447584331035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43414053320884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4276198744773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4148826599121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.39272138476371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.34278935194015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/109434200001400303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109434200001400303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"1094-3420","issn":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.136.6563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.136.6563","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mucci/latest/pubs/ut-cs-00-444.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338258","display_name":"Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W224484724","https://openalex.org/W1508567954","https://openalex.org/W1538592187","https://openalex.org/W1555915743","https://openalex.org/W1583642359","https://openalex.org/W2158182626","https://openalex.org/W2566633623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W650988184","https://openalex.org/W4321184925","https://openalex.org/W2388103258","https://openalex.org/W60915090","https://openalex.org/W2025840053","https://openalex.org/W2161692994","https://openalex.org/W1483618713","https://openalex.org/W2130269756","https://openalex.org/W1987518428","https://openalex.org/W2137356287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,32,40,58,64,67,79,109],"the":[3,47,56,62,65,71,107],"PAPI":[4],"project":[5],"is":[6,98],"to":[7,46,70],"specify":[8],"a":[9,29,77],"standard":[10],"application":[11],"programming":[12],"interface":[13],"(API)":[14],"for":[15],"accessing":[16],"hardware":[17],"performance":[18,82,93,127],"counters":[19,26],"available":[20],"on":[21],"most":[22],"modern":[23],"microprocessors.":[24],"These":[25],"exist":[27],"as":[28,113,115],"small":[30],"set":[31],"registers":[33],"that":[34,68,100],"count":[35],"events,":[36],"which":[37],"are":[38],"occurrences":[39],"specific":[41],"signals":[42],"and":[43,61,92],"states":[44],"related":[45],"processor\u2019s":[48],"function.":[49],"Monitoring":[50],"these":[51],"events":[52],"facilitates":[53],"correlation":[54,75],"between":[55],"structure":[57],"source/object":[59],"code":[60,69],"efficiency":[63],"mapping":[66],"underlying":[72],"architecture.":[73],"This":[74],"has":[76],"variety":[78],"uses":[80],"in":[81,106,116,125],"analysis,":[83],"including":[84],"hand":[85],"tuning,":[86],"compiler":[87],"optimization,":[88],"debugging,":[89],"benchmarking,":[90],"monitoring,":[91],"modeling.":[94],"In":[95],"addition,":[96],"it":[97],"hoped":[99],"this":[101],"information":[102],"will":[103],"prove":[104],"useful":[105],"development":[108,119],"new":[110],"compilation":[111],"technology":[112],"well":[114],"steering":[117],"architectural":[118],"toward":[120],"alleviating":[121],"commonly":[122],"occurring":[123],"bottlenecks":[124],"high":[126],"computing.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}