{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995620855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105971239200100104","title":"The Evolution of Strategies for Multiagent Environments","display_name":"The Evolution of Strategies for Multiagent Environments","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995620855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105971239200100104","mag":"1995620855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/105971239200100104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105971239200100104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183337005","display_name":"Adaptive Behavior","issn_l":"1059-7123","issn":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adaptive Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066154658","display_name":"John J. Grefenstette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-5177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John J. Grefenstette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 20375-5000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 20375-5000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066154658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94285714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"65","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9456999897956848,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.706410825252533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6176189184188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6151429414749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.592010498046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.5127159357070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theme","display_name":"Theme (computing)","score":0.49533024430274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4645191431045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3477417230606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3285437822341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1098741888999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10685530304908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09311074018478394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.706410825252533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6176189184188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6151429414749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.592010498046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.5127159357070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33566652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065927","display_name":"Theme (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49533024430274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4645191431045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3477417230606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3285437822341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1098741888999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10685530304908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09311074018478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/105971239200100104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105971239200100104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183337005","display_name":"Adaptive Behavior","issn_l":"1059-7123","issn":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adaptive Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.38.6441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.38.6441","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/authors/T.Kovacs/lcs.archive/Grefenstette1992a.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120689724","https://openalex.org/W138562460","https://openalex.org/W199176224","https://openalex.org/W1479772222","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1538358761","https://openalex.org/W1542723682","https://openalex.org/W1555519929","https://openalex.org/W1555782997","https://openalex.org/W1561638719","https://openalex.org/W1571567934","https://openalex.org/W1580980016","https://openalex.org/W1600264246","https://openalex.org/W1607045920","https://openalex.org/W1610678877","https://openalex.org/W1992250294","https://openalex.org/W1995663008","https://openalex.org/W2018642704","https://openalex.org/W2045184878","https://openalex.org/W2078226168","https://openalex.org/W2121870334","https://openalex.org/W2132513611","https://openalex.org/W2168464063","https://openalex.org/W2913091258","https://openalex.org/W2914112863","https://openalex.org/W3028232160","https://openalex.org/W4206665516","https://openalex.org/W4235411351","https://openalex.org/W4238997355","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W2999756192","https://openalex.org/W4226090359","https://openalex.org/W4382701072","https://openalex.org/W2491314273","https://openalex.org/W2011624601","https://openalex.org/W936373746","https://openalex.org/W2964094558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SAMUEL":[0,156,176],"is":[1,27,55,90,102],"an":[2],"experimental":[3],"learning":[4,12,58],"system":[5,59],"that":[6,56,80,91,157,171],"uses":[7],"genetic":[8,143],"algorithms":[9],"and":[10],"other":[11],"methods":[13],"to":[14,28,40,63,74,121,161,163],"evolve":[15],"reactive":[16],"decision":[17,43,114],"rules":[18,116],"from":[19],"simulations":[20],"of":[21,32,48,66,77,84,113,125,132,151,155,175],"multiagent":[22,179],"environments.":[23],"The":[24],"basic":[25],"approach":[26],"explore":[29],"a":[30,35,110,129,142],"range":[31],"behavior":[33,124,174],"within":[34],"simulation":[36],"model,":[37],"using":[38],"feedback":[39],"adapt":[41],"its":[42],"strategies":[44,135],"over":[45],"time.":[46],"One":[47],"the":[49,57,75,82,123,126,152,173],"main":[50],"themes":[51],"in":[52,107],"this":[53],"research":[54],"should":[60],"be":[61,94],"able":[62],"take":[64],"advantage":[65],"existing":[67,85],"knowledge":[68,99],"where":[69],"available.":[70],"This":[71,145],"has":[72],"led":[73],"adoption":[76],"rule":[78],"representations":[79],"ease":[81],"expression":[83],"knowledge.":[86],"A":[87],"second":[88],"theme":[89],"adaptation":[92],"can":[93],"driven":[95,140],"by":[96,141],"competition":[97],"among":[98],"structures.":[100],"Competition":[101],"applied":[103],"at":[104],"two":[105,178],"levels":[106],"SAMUEL.":[108],"Within":[109],"strategy":[111],"composed":[112],"rules,":[115],"compete":[117,136],"with":[118,137],"one":[119,138],"another":[120],"influence":[122],"system.":[127],"At":[128],"higher":[130],"level":[131],"granularity,":[133],"entire":[134],"another,":[139],"algorithm.":[144],"article":[146],"focuses":[147],"on":[148,177],"recent":[149],"elaborations":[150],"agent":[153],"model":[154],"are":[158,169],"specifically":[159],"designed":[160],"respond":[162],"multiple":[164],"external":[165],"agents.":[166],"Experimental":[167],"results":[168],"presented":[170],"illustrate":[172],"predator-prey":[180],"tasks.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}