{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014644550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712311412797","title":"Transformations in the scale of behavior and the global optimization of constraints in adaptive networks","display_name":"Transformations in the scale of behavior and the global optimization of constraints in adaptive networks","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014644550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712311412797","mag":"2014644550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1059712311412797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712311412797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183337005","display_name":"Adaptive Behavior","issn_l":"1059-7123","issn":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adaptive Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082699760","display_name":"Richard A. Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard A Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Systems Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK,","Natural Systems Group, School of Electronics and ComputerScience, University of Southampton, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Systems Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Systems Group, School of Electronics and ComputerScience, University of Southampton, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003044077","display_name":"Rob Mills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-6963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Mills","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Systems Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK","Natural Systems Group, School of Electronics and ComputerScience, University of Southampton, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Systems Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Systems Group, School of Electronics and ComputerScience, University of Southampton, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026149273","display_name":"Christopher L. Buckley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-9121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.L. Buckley","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Sussex University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Sussex University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082699760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92580712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"227","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7063726186752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5628861784934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5417642593383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hopfield-network","display_name":"Hopfield network","score":0.5152957439422607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-systems-theory","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","score":0.4935857057571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.48976659774780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47447067499160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-behavior","display_name":"Adaptive behavior","score":0.46122270822525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46076372265815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4560030698776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.444248765707016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.43598127365112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4231565594673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.42077067494392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-system","display_name":"Dynamical system (definition)","score":0.4173164665699005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3594214916229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17025375366210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14492997527122498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7063726186752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5628861784934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5417642593383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46421273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407668","display_name":"Hopfield network","level":3,"score":0.5152957439422607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.4935857057571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.48976659774780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47447067499160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68784500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570691","display_name":"Adaptive behavior","level":2,"score":0.46122270822525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46076372265815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4560030698776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.444248765707016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.43598127365112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4231565594673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.42077067494392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33962884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378637","display_name":"Dynamical system (definition)","level":3,"score":0.4173164665699005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3594214916229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17025375366210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14492997527122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1059712311412797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712311412797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183337005","display_name":"Adaptive Behavior","issn_l":"1059-7123","issn":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adaptive Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:272116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101525652","https://openalex.org/W120264976","https://openalex.org/W154880817","https://openalex.org/W166186692","https://openalex.org/W168405122","https://openalex.org/W387729145","https://openalex.org/W599025186","https://openalex.org/W1015831083","https://openalex.org/W1466858243","https://openalex.org/W1481080069","https://openalex.org/W1485231155","https://openalex.org/W1489444018","https://openalex.org/W1494334782","https://openalex.org/W1494775672","https://openalex.org/W1498960325","https://openalex.org/W1512539396","https://openalex.org/W1517016597","https://openalex.org/W1519293715","https://openalex.org/W1520014908","https://openalex.org/W1540403378","https://openalex.org/W1560483479","https://openalex.org/W1582771551","https://openalex.org/W1596839545","https://openalex.org/W1597286183","https://openalex.org/W1765868291","https://openalex.org/W1834385478","https://openalex.org/W1841747742","https://openalex.org/W1876456565","https://openalex.org/W1939458340","https://openalex.org/W1965784613","https://openalex.org/W1967721279","https://openalex.org/W1980096296","https://openalex.org/W1984314602","https://openalex.org/W1992118694","https://openalex.org/W2006353717","https://openalex.org/W2010008454","https://openalex.org/W2010526455","https://openalex.org/W2010598831","https://openalex.org/W2012457691","https://openalex.org/W2015192133","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2030450972","https://openalex.org/W2035791902","https://openalex.org/W2042492924","https://openalex.org/W2045500061","https://openalex.org/W2056417590","https://openalex.org/W2060948646","https://openalex.org/W2068244389","https://openalex.org/W2082797903","https://openalex.org/W2084486275","https://openalex.org/W2091579301","https://openalex.org/W2091785129","https://openalex.org/W2096571749","https://openalex.org/W2098564776","https://openalex.org/W2102216585","https://openalex.org/W2105890488","https://openalex.org/W2118075626","https://openalex.org/W2123026146","https://openalex.org/W2126776273","https://openalex.org/W2127379360","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2132422935","https://openalex.org/W2134212646","https://openalex.org/W2134763495","https://openalex.org/W2136848175","https://openalex.org/W2138369935","https://openalex.org/W2140993163","https://openalex.org/W2142879643","https://openalex.org/W2147824439","https://openalex.org/W2148606196","https://openalex.org/W2150179063","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2154406001","https://openalex.org/W2157418105","https://openalex.org/W2160887111","https://openalex.org/W2161858263","https://openalex.org/W2162834712","https://openalex.org/W2167957526","https://openalex.org/W2185075276","https://openalex.org/W2263500441","https://openalex.org/W2316463358","https://openalex.org/W2328203701","https://openalex.org/W2472887186","https://openalex.org/W2495552706","https://openalex.org/W2499653599","https://openalex.org/W2526529994","https://openalex.org/W2579555219","https://openalex.org/W2599599222","https://openalex.org/W2726772824","https://openalex.org/W2911740249","https://openalex.org/W3004042307","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3121595786","https://openalex.org/W3147653952","https://openalex.org/W3154803405","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4230991855","https://openalex.org/W4231516052","https://openalex.org/W4233120796","https://openalex.org/W4234354060","https://openalex.org/W4241088457","https://openalex.org/W4242257206","https://openalex.org/W4251819600","https://openalex.org/W4255091081","https://openalex.org/W4255229883","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250831671","https://openalex.org/W2230606337","https://openalex.org/W2089869689","https://openalex.org/W4388681848","https://openalex.org/W2078952919","https://openalex.org/W2945666329","https://openalex.org/W2617651062","https://openalex.org/W2330535098","https://openalex.org/W2377513064","https://openalex.org/W2952544653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,137],"natural":[1,72],"energy":[2,67,138],"minimization":[3,68,139],"behavior":[4,69,140,193],"of":[5,22,41,70,83,107,133,141],"a":[6,13,18,38,71,99,104,122,125,130],"dynamical":[7,73,85],"system":[8,43,117,127,144,154],"can":[9,119],"be":[10],"interpreted":[11],"as":[12,200],"simple":[14],"optimization":[15],"process,":[16],"finding":[17],"locally":[19],"optimal":[20],"resolution":[21,91],"problem":[23,27],"constraints.":[24,155],"In":[25],"human":[26],"solving,":[28],"high-dimensional":[29],"problems":[30],"are":[31,169],"often":[32],"made":[33],"much":[34],"easier":[35],"by":[36,95],"inferring":[37],"low-dimensional":[39,131],"model":[40,157,184],"the":[42,65,81,134,152],"in":[44,76,121,194],"which":[45,128],"search":[46],"is":[47,52,129,145],"more":[48,147],"effective.":[49],"But":[50],"this":[51,77,142,181],"an":[53],"approach":[54],"that":[55,168],"seems":[56],"to":[57,64,87,110,171,187],"require":[58],"top-down":[59],"domain":[60],"knowledge\u2014not":[61],"one":[62],"amenable":[63],"spontaneous":[66],"system.":[74,136],"However,":[75],"article":[78],"we":[79],"investigate":[80],"ability":[82,92],"distributed":[84],"systems":[86],"improve":[88],"their":[89],"constraint":[90],"over":[93],"time":[94],"self-organization.":[96],"We":[97,178],"use":[98],"\u2018\u2018self-modeling\u2019\u2019":[100],"Hopfield":[101],"network":[102,183],"with":[103],"novel":[105],"type":[106],"associative":[108],"connection":[109],"illustrate":[111],"how":[112,180],"slowly":[113],"changing":[114],"relationships":[115],"between":[116],"components":[118],"result":[120],"transformation":[123],"into":[124],"new":[126,143],"caricature":[132],"original":[135,153],"significantly":[146],"effective":[148],"at":[149],"globally":[150],"resolving":[151],"This":[156],"uses":[158],"only":[159],"very":[160],"simple,":[161],"and":[162,175,190,203],"fully":[163],"distributed,":[164],"positive":[165],"feedback":[166],"mechanisms":[167],"relevant":[170],"other":[172],"\u2018\u2018active":[173],"linking\u2019\u2019":[174],"adaptive":[176,197],"networks.":[177,205],"discuss":[179],"neural":[182],"helps":[185],"us":[186],"understand":[188],"transformations":[189],"emergent":[191],"collective":[192],"various":[195],"non-neural":[196],"networks":[198],"such":[199],"social,":[201],"genetic":[202],"ecological":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
