{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963918974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712307078653","title":"On the Collective Nature of Human Intelligence","display_name":"On the Collective Nature of Human Intelligence","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963918974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712307078653","mag":"1963918974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1059712307078653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712307078653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183337005","display_name":"Adaptive Behavior","issn_l":"1059-7123","issn":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adaptive Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007176508","display_name":"Alex Pentland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-9983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Pentland","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","[The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007176508"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":47.0015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99614037,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"189","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-intelligence","display_name":"Human intelligence","score":0.6299635767936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5772342681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.516992449760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.4868856966495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.46958914399147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4585636854171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-intelligence","display_name":"Collective intelligence","score":0.4399802088737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4267069697380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41532883048057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30981379747390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.11617967486381531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937824","display_name":"Human intelligence","level":2,"score":0.6299635767936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5772342681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.516992449760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4868856966495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.46958914399147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4585636854171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89057211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432197","display_name":"Collective intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4399802088737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4267069697380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41532883048057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30981379747390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.11617967486381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1059712307078653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712307078653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183337005","display_name":"Adaptive Behavior","issn_l":"1059-7123","issn":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adaptive Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314892","display_name":"MIT Media Lab","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44010021","https://openalex.org/W171934365","https://openalex.org/W1493745023","https://openalex.org/W1552043677","https://openalex.org/W1570047706","https://openalex.org/W1685152655","https://openalex.org/W1795671969","https://openalex.org/W1872053182","https://openalex.org/W1963699033","https://openalex.org/W1984466484","https://openalex.org/W1986578153","https://openalex.org/W1987622720","https://openalex.org/W1994799114","https://openalex.org/W1996430276","https://openalex.org/W2008599224","https://openalex.org/W2021291367","https://openalex.org/W2026596343","https://openalex.org/W2029410784","https://openalex.org/W2048011901","https://openalex.org/W2053907973","https://openalex.org/W2056648728","https://openalex.org/W2096365673","https://openalex.org/W2101646884","https://openalex.org/W2109334311","https://openalex.org/W2115581505","https://openalex.org/W2128248178","https://openalex.org/W2129954861","https://openalex.org/W2143554828","https://openalex.org/W2151789396","https://openalex.org/W2154452919","https://openalex.org/W2156333962","https://openalex.org/W2165600663","https://openalex.org/W2165692588","https://openalex.org/W2165734786","https://openalex.org/W2168688292","https://openalex.org/W2171634212","https://openalex.org/W2311639559","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2798676247","https://openalex.org/W2911336608","https://openalex.org/W3121820606","https://openalex.org/W4230979325","https://openalex.org/W4233955821","https://openalex.org/W4242390278","https://openalex.org/W4294255555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386430105","https://openalex.org/W2356521405","https://openalex.org/W186584664","https://openalex.org/W2991545156","https://openalex.org/W3161274827","https://openalex.org/W1577412439","https://openalex.org/W4210683026","https://openalex.org/W2189009022","https://openalex.org/W4281555762","https://openalex.org/W3122362228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"fundamental":[1],"assumption":[2,25],"of":[3,14,42,59,69],"cognitive":[4],"science":[5],"is":[6,10,49],"that":[7,23,30,45],"the":[8,11,31,35,70],"individual":[9],"correct":[12],"unit":[13,41],"analysis":[15],"for":[16],"understanding":[17],"human":[18,73],"intelligence.":[19],"I":[20],"present":[21],"evidence":[22],"this":[24,46],"may":[26],"have":[27],"limited":[28],"utility,":[29],"social":[32],"networks":[33],"containing":[34],"individuals":[36],"are":[37],"an":[38],"important":[39],"additional":[40],"analysis,":[43],"and":[44],"\u201cnetwork":[47],"intelligence\u201d":[48],"significantly":[50],"mediated":[51],"by":[52],"non-linguistic":[53],"processes.":[54],"Across":[55],"a":[56],"broad":[57],"range":[58],"situations":[60],"these":[61],"network":[62],"effects":[63],"typically":[64],"predict":[65],"40%":[66],"or":[67],"more":[68],"variation":[71],"in":[72],"behavior.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-01T08:36:08.643496","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}