{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122511775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000608092554","title":"Books in a virtual world","display_name":"Books in a virtual world","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122511775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000608092554","mag":"2122511775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0961000608092554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000608092554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115019648","display_name":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science","issn_l":"0961-0006","issn":["0961-0006","1741-6477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089447525","display_name":"Chris Armstrong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-5316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16038530","display_name":"Aberystwyth University","ror":"https://ror.org/015m2p889","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chris Armstrong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Automation Limited, Aberystwyth,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Automation Limited, Aberystwyth,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089447525"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16038530"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9740298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"3","first_page":"193","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11813","display_name":"Library Collection Development and Digital Resources","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11813","display_name":"Library Collection Development and Digital Resources","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13516","display_name":"Publishing and Scholarly Communication","score":0.9656000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.7402902245521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.7188253402709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.6854302883148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publishing","display_name":"Publishing","score":0.6796886324882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5093492269515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.5000858306884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3992263972759247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.3451569974422455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.33670902252197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.19004884362220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literature","display_name":"Literature","score":0.1570950448513031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.14033293724060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.12632471323013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12531998753547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08799445629119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0524783730506897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7402902245521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.7188253402709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.6854302883148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.6796886324882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5093492269515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.5000858306884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3992263972759247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3451569974422455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33670902252197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19004884362220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.1570950448513031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.14033293724060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.12632471323013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12531998753547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08799445629119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0524783730506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0961000608092554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000608092554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115019648","display_name":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science","issn_l":"0961-0006","issn":["0961-0006","1741-6477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83883699","https://openalex.org/W146560968","https://openalex.org/W252886973","https://openalex.org/W1508992485","https://openalex.org/W1556759010","https://openalex.org/W1674605479","https://openalex.org/W1873272659","https://openalex.org/W1967042874","https://openalex.org/W1967120046","https://openalex.org/W1969848823","https://openalex.org/W1972887786","https://openalex.org/W1973984119","https://openalex.org/W1981364053","https://openalex.org/W1983202414","https://openalex.org/W2001384199","https://openalex.org/W2007350606","https://openalex.org/W2013538348","https://openalex.org/W2015720094","https://openalex.org/W2064909796","https://openalex.org/W2128141626","https://openalex.org/W2166993124","https://openalex.org/W2226961682","https://openalex.org/W2570279483","https://openalex.org/W3133071399","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6609739607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366107444","https://openalex.org/W4388145910","https://openalex.org/W2381570729","https://openalex.org/W1976205134","https://openalex.org/W4248336175","https://openalex.org/W2031260042","https://openalex.org/W2391445434","https://openalex.org/W2294677930","https://openalex.org/W3009369890","https://openalex.org/W4236946409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"recent":[1],"years":[2],"there":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"considerable":[6],"confusion":[7],"over":[8],"the":[9,12,19,34,38,44,51,83,87,99,104,109,128],"use":[10],"of":[11,21,36,47,60,82,106,111,130],"term":[13],"`e-book',":[14],"and":[15,53,57,77,94,108,113],"this":[16],"article":[17,100],"examines":[18],"variety":[20],"definitions":[22,35],"used":[23,95],"to":[24,42,54,122],"date":[25],"while":[26],"proposing":[27],"a":[28,48,72],"definitive":[29],"construct.":[30],"Beginning":[31],"by":[32],"examining":[33],"`book',":[37],"paper":[39],"moves":[40],"on":[41],"consider":[43],"essential":[45],"element":[46],"book":[49],"\u2014":[50],"content,":[52],"examine":[55],"publishing":[56],"structural":[58],"aspects":[59],"e-books,":[61,107],"as":[62,64],"well":[63],"their":[65],"place":[66],"in":[67,89],"libraries,":[68],"before":[69],"arriving":[70],"at":[71,102,127],"final":[73],"definition.":[74],"The":[75],"definition":[76],"its":[78],"derivation":[79],"embrace":[80],"all":[81],"issues":[84],"that":[85,115],"affect":[86],"way":[88],"which":[90],"e-books":[91],"are":[92],"understood":[93],"today.":[96],"In":[97],"conclusion,":[98],"looks":[101],"both":[103],"genesis":[105],"stage":[110],"acceptance":[112],"adoption":[114],"they":[116],"have":[117],"reached,":[118],"with":[119],"brief":[120],"reference":[121],"3rd-generation":[123],"e-book":[124],"readers":[125],"available":[126],"time":[129],"writing.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
