{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996213539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02783649922066448","title":"From Laboratory to Warehouse: Security Robots Meet the Real World","display_name":"From Laboratory to Warehouse: Security Robots Meet the Real World","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996213539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02783649922066448","mag":"1996213539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/02783649922066448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02783649922066448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73484101","display_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","issn_l":"0278-3649","issn":["0278-3649","1741-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082812201","display_name":"H. R. Everett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802223155","display_name":"Naval Information Warfare Systems Command","ror":"https://ror.org/000ztjy10","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802223155","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. R. Everett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA 92152-7383, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA 92152-7383, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802223155"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045819981","display_name":"Douglas W. Gage","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802223155","display_name":"Naval Information Warfare Systems Command","ror":"https://ror.org/000ztjy10","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802223155","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas W. Gage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA 92152-7383, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA 92152-7383, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802223155"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045819981","https://openalex.org/A5082812201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802223155"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93967353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"7","first_page":"760","last_page":"768"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9251000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9244999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5646998882293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warehouse","display_name":"Warehouse","score":0.5469983220100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5372099876403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-warehouse","display_name":"Data warehouse","score":0.5289979577064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5250979661941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5045067071914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4877984821796417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42781874537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.39258718490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27257484197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.21013787388801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18576553463935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1567295491695404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.136785626411438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5646998882293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50416739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181623","display_name":"Warehouse","level":2,"score":0.5469983220100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5372099876403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135572916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193351","display_name":"Data warehouse","level":2,"score":0.5289979577064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5250979661941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5045067071914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4877984821796417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42781874537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.39258718490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27257484197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.21013787388801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18576553463935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1567295491695404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.136785626411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/02783649922066448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02783649922066448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73484101","display_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","issn_l":"0278-3649","issn":["0278-3649","1741-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.40.951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.40.951","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nosc.mil/robots/pubs/ijrr99.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308085","display_name":"Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/03wjj7779"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565629474","https://openalex.org/W1570781977","https://openalex.org/W1573376273","https://openalex.org/W1982798521","https://openalex.org/W2012844615","https://openalex.org/W2041360905","https://openalex.org/W2079248903","https://openalex.org/W2095261411","https://openalex.org/W4231156366","https://openalex.org/W6634086107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135624046","https://openalex.org/W2392996360","https://openalex.org/W2373884155","https://openalex.org/W2531755459","https://openalex.org/W4388421435","https://openalex.org/W598244552","https://openalex.org/W3167309973","https://openalex.org/W3135357310","https://openalex.org/W2389559488","https://openalex.org/W2382329217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Mobile":[1],"Detection":[2],"Assessment":[3],"and":[4,46,59,77,93,117,121,169,184],"Response":[5],"System":[6],"robotic":[7],"security":[8],"program":[9],"has":[10],"successfully":[11],"demonstrated":[12],"simultaneous":[13],"control":[14],"of":[15,73,85,112,115,124,157,199],"multiple":[16],"robots":[17],"navigating":[18],"autonomously":[19],"within":[20,60],"an":[21,96,132],"operational":[22,97,133,152],"warehouse":[23,27,53,134],"environment.":[24,135,203],"This":[25,99,160],"real-world":[26],"installation":[28],"required":[29],"adapting":[30],"a":[31,51,90,109,155],"navigational":[32],"paradigm":[33],"designed":[34],"for":[35],"highly":[36],"structured":[37],"environments":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40],"office":[41],"corridors":[42],"(with":[43,55],"smooth":[44],"walls":[45,58],"regularly":[47],"spaced":[48],"doorways)":[49],"to":[50,69,89,95,131,163,185,195],"semistructured":[52],"environment":[54],"no":[56],"exposed":[57],"which":[61],"odd-shaped":[62],"objects":[63],"unpredictably":[64],"move":[65],"about":[66],"from":[67,127],"day":[68],"day).":[70],"A":[71,136],"number":[72,156],"challenges,":[74],"some":[75],"expected":[76],"others":[78,105],"unexpected,":[79],"were":[80],"encountered":[81],"during":[82],"the":[83,86,113,122,128,150,176,196,200],"transfer":[84],"system":[87,141,166,178],"first":[88],"beta-test/demonstration":[91],"site":[92],"then":[94],"warehouse.":[98],"paper":[100],"examines":[101],"these":[102,125],"problems":[103],"(and":[104],"previously":[106],"encountered)":[107],"in":[108,154,175],"historical":[110],"context":[111],"evolution":[114],"navigation":[116],"other":[118],"needed":[119],"technologies,":[120],"transition":[123],"technologies":[126],"research":[129],"lab":[130],"key":[137],"lesson":[138],"is":[139],"that":[140],"robustness":[142],"can":[143],"only":[144],"be":[145],"ensured":[146],"by":[147],"exhaustively":[148],"exercising":[149],"system\u2019s":[151],"capabilities":[153],"diverse":[158],"environments.":[159],"approach":[161],"helps":[162],"uncover":[164],"latent":[165],"hardware":[167,179],"deficiencies":[168],"software":[170],"implementation":[171],"errors":[172],"not":[173],"manifested":[174],"initial":[177,181,201],"or":[180,189],"development":[182,202],"environment,":[183],"identify":[186],"sensor":[187],"modes":[188],"processing":[190],"algorithms":[191],"tuned":[192],"too":[193],"tightly":[194],"specific":[197],"characteristics":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T06:03:33.228499","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
