{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969431294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/027836499101000308","title":"Probability Distribution of Repeatability of Industrial Robots","display_name":"Probability Distribution of Repeatability of Industrial Robots","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969431294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/027836499101000308","mag":"1969431294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/027836499101000308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/027836499101000308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73484101","display_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","issn_l":"0278-3649","issn":["0278-3649","1741-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079316118","display_name":"Einar Ramsli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Einar Ramsli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manufacturing Technology Group EB Distribution Division Switchgear N-3701 Skien, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manufacturing Technology Group EB Distribution Division Switchgear N-3701 Skien, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079316118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14252472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"276","last_page":"283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.9287956357002258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normality","display_name":"Normality","score":0.7472663521766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-distribution","display_name":"Normal distribution","score":0.6205201148986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.6201461553573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closeness","display_name":"Closeness","score":0.5882935523986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5857483148574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5799123048782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4929649829864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.489303320646286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normality-test","display_name":"Normality test","score":0.45929569005966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4553251266479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.44808685779571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4418722093105316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39300230145454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3265937566757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.16105884313583374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.9287956357002258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.7472663521766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102094743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133871","display_name":"Normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.6205201148986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.6201461553573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.5882935523986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5857483148574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5799123048782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4929649829864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.489303320646286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85031952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3026029","display_name":"Normality test","level":3,"score":0.45929569005966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4553251266479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.44808685779571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4418722093105316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39300230145454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3265937566757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.16105884313583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/027836499101000308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/027836499101000308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73484101","display_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","issn_l":"0278-3649","issn":["0278-3649","1741-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W430330754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480720168","https://openalex.org/W2996853055","https://openalex.org/W1952448190","https://openalex.org/W2906455368","https://openalex.org/W62326830","https://openalex.org/W2276542565","https://openalex.org/W2075879115","https://openalex.org/W1562902162","https://openalex.org/W40202125","https://openalex.org/W1592417086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,101,160,217],"accuracy":[1,63],"with":[2],"which":[3,68],"an":[4,24,44,173],"industrial":[5,25,45,119,174],"robot":[6,175],"brings":[7],"the":[8,19,56,65,69,81,90,95,109,136,139,143,148,156,170,188,194,203,206,212,226,236],"load":[9],"to":[10,48,50,54,67,74,94,183,200,224],"a":[11,51,75,151,178,185],"position":[12,52],"and":[13,59,79,147],"holds":[14],"it":[15,221],"there":[16,165,230],"is":[17,53,104,121,198,219,222,231,239],"perhaps":[18],"most":[20],"important":[21],"characteristic":[22],"of":[23,83,138,172,205,209,214],"robot.":[26],"Many":[27],"researchers":[28],"have":[29],"consequently":[30],"been":[31],"interested":[32],"in":[33,123,211],"this":[34,114,124,129],"field":[35],"during":[36],"recent":[37],"years.":[38],"A":[39,111],"common":[40],"method":[41],"for":[42,116,128,142],"characterizing":[43],"robot's":[46],"ability":[47],"return":[49],"use":[55,225],"terms":[57],"\"accuracy\"":[58],"\"repeatability,":[60],"\"":[61],"where":[62],"characterizes":[64],"degree":[66],"actual":[70],"measured":[71,87],"value":[72,78,98],"corresponds":[73],"com":[76],"manded":[77],"repeatability":[80,144],"closeness":[82],"agreement":[84],"between":[85],"repeated":[86],"values,":[88],"under":[89],"same":[91,96],"condi":[92],"tions,":[93],"commanded":[97],"(ISO":[99],"definitions).":[100],"normal":[102,179,195,227],"approximation":[103,228],"regularly":[105],"used":[106,199],"when":[107,229],"calculating":[108],"repeatability.":[110],"test":[112,130,154],"on":[113,155,202],"assumption":[115,208],"six":[117,157],"different":[118,161],"robots":[120],"reported":[122],"article.":[125],"Two":[126],"approaches":[127],"are":[131,166],"used:":[132],"one":[133],"looks":[134],"at":[135],"shape":[137],"frequency":[140],"function":[141],"figures":[145],"measured,":[146],"second":[149],"uses":[150],"chi":[152],"square":[153],"data":[158],"sets.":[159],"tests":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164,169,187,220,235],"small":[167],"chances":[168],"deviation":[171,189,237],"will":[176],"follow":[177],"distribution.":[180,196],"It":[181],"seems":[182],"be":[184],"trend":[186],"has":[190],"longer":[191],"tails":[192],"than":[193],"Simulation":[197],"elaborate":[201],"consequences":[204],"invalid":[207],"normality":[210],"definition":[213],"repeat":[215],"ability.":[216],"conclusion":[218],"reasonable":[223],"no":[232],"strong":[233],"evidence":[234],"distribution":[238],"negatively":[240],"skewed.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
