{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161426450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364910393538","title":"Place-dependent people tracking","display_name":"Place-dependent people tracking","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161426450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364910393538","mag":"2161426450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0278364910393538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364910393538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73484101","display_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","issn_l":"0278-3649","issn":["0278-3649","1741-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045064742","display_name":"Matthias Luber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Luber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Department of Computer Science, Germany,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Department of Computer Science, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010491672","display_name":"Gian Diego Tipaldi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gian Diego Tipaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Department of Computer Science, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Department of Computer Science, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111969299","display_name":"Kai O. Arras","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai O Arras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Department of Computer Science, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Department of Computer Science, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045064742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97536128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"280","last_page":"293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.7753575444221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.643517255783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution","display_name":"Poisson distribution","score":0.5806755423545837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5503843426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.5445923209190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5414112210273743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.5279796719551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5268812775611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.5168395638465881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.510127604007721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4949471354484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4906441271305084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4885750710964203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.46350520849227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4284115731716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4243907928466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.30064794421195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22205960750579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.20995745062828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19023430347442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18076103925704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11541962623596191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08906766772270203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.7753575444221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.643517255783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.5806755423545837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5503843426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.5445923209190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5414112210273743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5279796719551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5268812775611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5168395638465881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.510127604007721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4949471354484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4906441271305084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4885750710964203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.46350520849227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4284115731716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4243907928466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.30064794421195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22205960750579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.20995745062828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19023430347442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18076103925704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11541962623596191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08906766772270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0278364910393538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364910393538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73484101","display_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","issn_l":"0278-3649","issn":["0278-3649","1741-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.700.6036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.700.6036","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www2.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/%7Earras/papers/luberISRR09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582069131","https://openalex.org/W1642300317","https://openalex.org/W1994356257","https://openalex.org/W2011087880","https://openalex.org/W2027646026","https://openalex.org/W2037399936","https://openalex.org/W2066832919","https://openalex.org/W2097009900","https://openalex.org/W2100548006","https://openalex.org/W2111957821","https://openalex.org/W2115672710","https://openalex.org/W2121215404","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2125127046","https://openalex.org/W2126668725","https://openalex.org/W2127923214","https://openalex.org/W2129078811","https://openalex.org/W2131598171","https://openalex.org/W2140242774","https://openalex.org/W2143946414","https://openalex.org/W2154549428","https://openalex.org/W2155680787","https://openalex.org/W2158955189","https://openalex.org/W2164306484","https://openalex.org/W2294153305","https://openalex.org/W2306347658","https://openalex.org/W2543696449","https://openalex.org/W3033479605","https://openalex.org/W4244791762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543936162","https://openalex.org/W3084370450","https://openalex.org/W1971776229","https://openalex.org/W3021920309","https://openalex.org/W4221127295","https://openalex.org/W2766961550","https://openalex.org/W2054235656","https://openalex.org/W35704881","https://openalex.org/W2093284373","https://openalex.org/W1585873145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"People":[0],"detection":[1],"and":[2,11,14,27,37,73,124,139,161],"tracking":[3,22,154],"are":[4,47,126],"important":[5],"in":[6,20,96,136,156,181],"many":[7],"situations":[8],"where":[9],"robots":[10],"humans":[12],"work":[13],"live":[15],"together.":[16],"But":[17],"unlike":[18],"targets":[19],"traditional":[21],"problems,":[23],"people":[24,41,122],"typically":[25],"move":[26],"act":[28],"under":[29],"the":[30,76,118,129,175],"constraints":[31],"of":[32,158,163],"their":[33],"environment.":[34],"The":[35,166,178],"probabilities":[36],"frequencies":[38],"for":[39],"when":[40],"appear,":[42],"disappear,":[43],"walk":[44],"or":[45],"stand":[46],"not":[48],"uniform":[49],"but":[50],"vary":[51],"over":[52,106],"space":[53],"making":[54],"human":[55,71],"behavior":[56,72,155],"strongly":[57],"place-dependent.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper":[61],"we":[62],"present":[63,110],"a":[64,82,87,97,111,184],"model":[65,77,114],"that":[66,92,121],"encodes":[67],"spatial":[68,89,131],"priors":[69],"on":[70,183],"show":[74],"how":[75,147],"can":[78],"be":[79],"incorporated":[80],"into":[81],"people-tracking":[83],"system.":[84],"We":[85,108],"learn":[86],"non-homogeneous":[88],"Poisson":[90,132],"process":[91],"improves":[93],"data":[94],"association":[95],"multi-hypothesis":[98],"target":[99],"tracker":[100,168],"through":[101],"more":[102,152,172],"informed":[103],"probability":[104],"distributions":[105],"hypotheses.":[107],"further":[109],"place-dependent":[112],"motion":[113],"whose":[115],"predictions":[116],"follow":[117],"space-usage":[119],"patterns":[120],"take":[123],"which":[125],"described":[127],"by":[128],"learned":[130],"process.":[133],"Large-scale":[134],"experiments":[135],"different":[137],"indoor":[138],"outdoor":[140],"environments":[141],"using":[142],"laser":[143],"range":[144],"data,":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"both":[148],"extensions":[149],"lead":[150],"to":[151],"accurate":[153],"terms":[157],"data-association":[159],"errors":[160],"number":[162],"track":[164],"losses.":[165],"extended":[167],"is":[169],"also":[170],"slightly":[171],"efficient":[173],"than":[174],"baseline":[176],"approach.":[177],"system":[179],"runs":[180],"real-time":[182],"typical":[185],"desktop":[186],"computer.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}