{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380738016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683962231185599","title":"Stairway to heaven or highway to hell: A model for assessing cognitive automation use cases","display_name":"Stairway to heaven or highway to hell: A model for assessing cognitive automation use cases","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380738016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683962231185599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/02683962231185599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683962231185599","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02683962231185599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135086714","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology","issn_l":"0268-3962","issn":["0268-3962","1466-4437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02683962231185599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054576471","display_name":"Christian Engel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Engel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-7514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047559735","display_name":"Edona Elshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edona Elshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074418314","display_name":"Philipp Ebel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Ebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-2484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031171331","display_name":"Jan Marco Leimeister","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-2894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan M Leimeister","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054576471"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"],"apc_list":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"apc_paid":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"fwci":3.0774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91598315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"94","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13287","display_name":"Robotic Process Automation Applications","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.675999641418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5143550634384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.505620002746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47024908661842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.40646618604660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2762853503227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2678949236869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11601808667182922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.675999641418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5143550634384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.505620002746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47024908661842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.40646618604660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2762853503227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2678949236869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11601808667182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/02683962231185599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683962231185599","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02683962231185599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135086714","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology","issn_l":"0268-3962","issn":["0268-3962","1466-4437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire/476d9ac0-2447-478b-b669-391bc9a48489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/476d9ac0-2447-478b-b669-391bc9a48489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engel, C, Elshan, E, Ebel, P & Leimeister, J M 2024, 'Stairway to heaven or highway to hell : A model for assessing cognitive automation use cases', Journal of Information Technology, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 94-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/02683962231185599","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisel.aisnet.org:jit-1471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aisel.aisnet.org/jit/vol39/iss1/5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30879505","display_name":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems","issn_l":"1536-9323","issn":["1536-9323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321080","host_organization_name":"Association for Information Systems","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321080"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Information Systems"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/02683962231185599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683962231185599","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02683962231185599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135086714","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology","issn_l":"0268-3962","issn":["0268-3962","1466-4437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380738016.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115394847","https://openalex.org/W400830870","https://openalex.org/W1558927404","https://openalex.org/W1571750337","https://openalex.org/W1587451402","https://openalex.org/W1800401423","https://openalex.org/W1901616594","https://openalex.org/W1966188439","https://openalex.org/W2016235473","https://openalex.org/W2019032942","https://openalex.org/W2020768352","https://openalex.org/W2049638304","https://openalex.org/W2115321629","https://openalex.org/W2136082883","https://openalex.org/W2138980717","https://openalex.org/W2145855633","https://openalex.org/W2167186171","https://openalex.org/W2238669505","https://openalex.org/W2316972015","https://openalex.org/W2345476544","https://openalex.org/W2395185644","https://openalex.org/W2412853042","https://openalex.org/W2413095543","https://openalex.org/W2469782971","https://openalex.org/W2526781987","https://openalex.org/W2528491735","https://openalex.org/W2581902269","https://openalex.org/W2597972688","https://openalex.org/W2611557737","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W2785717286","https://openalex.org/W2791784902","https://openalex.org/W2801286329","https://openalex.org/W2804154565","https://openalex.org/W2892380133","https://openalex.org/W2906095734","https://openalex.org/W2907239237","https://openalex.org/W2911774389","https://openalex.org/W2967831706","https://openalex.org/W2969928624","https://openalex.org/W2996236823","https://openalex.org/W3005831385","https://openalex.org/W3008764380","https://openalex.org/W3014479273","https://openalex.org/W3026058619","https://openalex.org/W3035363886","https://openalex.org/W3037324753","https://openalex.org/W3037764469","https://openalex.org/W3086863954","https://openalex.org/W3092887305","https://openalex.org/W3093821457","https://openalex.org/W3112416705","https://openalex.org/W3118487752","https://openalex.org/W3122197352","https://openalex.org/W3126233860","https://openalex.org/W3143945924","https://openalex.org/W3153990350","https://openalex.org/W3155739706","https://openalex.org/W4206948581","https://openalex.org/W4211017739","https://openalex.org/W4220820301","https://openalex.org/W4232692970","https://openalex.org/W4235703625","https://openalex.org/W4244928473","https://openalex.org/W4249149653","https://openalex.org/W4255997545","https://openalex.org/W4281564584","https://openalex.org/W4283398683","https://openalex.org/W4297081765","https://openalex.org/W4299356718","https://openalex.org/W4362003575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2908473390","https://openalex.org/W2581098546","https://openalex.org/W3042250217","https://openalex.org/W3185645656","https://openalex.org/W2510749946","https://openalex.org/W2074141158","https://openalex.org/W1605811477","https://openalex.org/W2974309875","https://openalex.org/W1988907011","https://openalex.org/W1970683543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"automation":[1,8,19,26,57],"(CA)":[2],"moves":[3],"beyond":[4],"rule-based":[5],"business":[6],"process":[7],"to":[9,41,87,98,123,198],"target":[10],"cognitive":[11],"knowledge":[12],"and":[13,22,66,89,109,149,182,208],"service":[14],"work.":[15],"This":[16],"allows":[17],"the":[18,56,134,145,167,191,212],"of":[20,59,204],"tasks":[21],"processes,":[23],"for":[24,93,133,180],"which":[25],"seemed":[27],"unimaginable":[28],"a":[29,43,82,91,116,164,188],"decade":[30],"ago.":[31],"To":[32,71,131],"organizations,":[33],"these":[34,126],"CA":[35,48,124,181,199,205,216],"use":[36,60,95,117,178,195],"cases":[37,179],"offer":[38],"vast":[39],"opportunities":[40],"gain":[42],"significant":[44],"competitive":[45],"advantage.":[46],"However,":[47],"imposes":[49],"novel":[50],"challenges":[51],"on":[52,76,140],"organizations\u2019":[53],"decisions":[54,175],"regarding":[55],"potential":[58],"cases,":[61],"resulting":[62],"in":[63,159,176,206,217],"low":[64],"adoption":[65],"high":[67,129],"project":[68,157],"failure":[69],"rates.":[70],"counteract":[72],"this,":[73],"we":[74,138],"draw":[75,139],"an":[77,141],"action":[78,146],"research":[79,147,189],"study":[80],"with":[81],"leading":[83],"European":[84],"manufacturing":[85],"company":[86,148],"develop":[88],"test":[90],"model":[92,102,113,168],"assessing":[94],"cases\u2019":[96,196],"amenability":[97,197],"CA.":[99],"The":[100,112],"proposed":[101],"comprises":[103],"four":[104],"dimensions:":[105],"cognition,":[106],"data,":[107],"relationship,":[108],"transparency":[110],"requirements.":[111],"proposes":[114],"that":[115],"case":[118],"is":[119],"less":[120],"(more)":[121],"amenable":[122],"if":[125],"requirements":[127],"are":[128],"(low).":[130],"account":[132],"model\u2019s":[135],"industry-agnostic":[136],"generalizability,":[137],"internal":[142],"evaluation":[143],"within":[144],"three":[150,160],"additional":[151],"external":[152],"evaluations":[153],"undertaken":[154],"by":[155],"independent":[156],"teams":[158],"distinct":[161],"industries.":[162],"From":[163,187],"practice":[165],"perspective,":[166,190],"will":[169,200],"help":[170],"organizations":[171],"make":[172],"more":[173],"informed":[174],"selecting":[177],"planning":[183],"their":[184],"respective":[185],"initiatives.":[186],"identified":[192],"determinants":[193],"affecting":[194],"enhance":[201],"our":[202],"understanding":[203],"particular":[207],"artificial":[209],"intelligence":[210],"as":[211],"driving":[213],"force":[214],"behind":[215],"general.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
