{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386605483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231196392","title":"Information architecture on the websites of major American political parties: Qualitative-heuristic assessment and comparative analysis","display_name":"Information architecture on the websites of major American political parties: Qualitative-heuristic assessment and comparative analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386605483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231196392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/01655515231196392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231196392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68913162","display_name":"Journal of Information Science","issn_l":"0165-5515","issn":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012177280","display_name":"Paulina Sajna-Kosobucka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8587-1280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019271933","display_name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","ror":"https://ror.org/0102mm775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paulina Sajna-Kosobucka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Doctoral School of Social Sciences Academia Rerum Socialium, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8587-1280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Doctoral School of Social Sciences Academia Rerum Socialium, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039567506","display_name":"Rados\u0142aw Sajna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-450X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149592570","display_name":"Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz","ror":"https://ror.org/018zpxs61","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149592570"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radoslaw Sajna-Kunowsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication and Media, Kazimierz Wielki University, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-450X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication and Media, Kazimierz Wielki University, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149592570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012177280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17884989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"2","first_page":"515","last_page":"528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13874","display_name":"Information Architecture and Usability","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9362999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.7190442681312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6181748509407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6034355759620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5735041499137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5579589009284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.5404456853866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.5359023809432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.43344414234161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-platform","display_name":"Party platform","score":0.4185163378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3339674174785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.25775814056396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.14452773332595825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7190442681312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6181748509407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6034355759620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5735041499137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5579589009284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5404456853866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5359023809432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43344414234161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186523255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501855","display_name":"Party platform","level":4,"score":0.4185163378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3339674174785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25775814056396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14452773332595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/01655515231196392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231196392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68913162","display_name":"Journal of Information Science","issn_l":"0165-5515","issn":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W629508014","https://openalex.org/W1176532543","https://openalex.org/W1604938850","https://openalex.org/W1716014831","https://openalex.org/W1982297834","https://openalex.org/W1982428762","https://openalex.org/W1986167720","https://openalex.org/W2015313012","https://openalex.org/W2088513220","https://openalex.org/W2105045509","https://openalex.org/W2108432082","https://openalex.org/W2155110713","https://openalex.org/W2336188181","https://openalex.org/W2394058445","https://openalex.org/W2492965420","https://openalex.org/W2622437746","https://openalex.org/W2828983966","https://openalex.org/W2911678772","https://openalex.org/W4229040320","https://openalex.org/W4247646161","https://openalex.org/W4248862656","https://openalex.org/W4293159309","https://openalex.org/W4299724975","https://openalex.org/W4302158412","https://openalex.org/W4378983689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W217960748","https://openalex.org/W3125814499","https://openalex.org/W2090827041","https://openalex.org/W187246281","https://openalex.org/W2565703248","https://openalex.org/W2143548620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,122,143],"Internet":[1],"has":[2],"become":[3],"a":[4,17,43,90,103,112,181],"very":[5],"important":[6,38,117],"tool":[7],"of":[8,19,32,40,53,61,68,83,93,115,119,124,133,138,145,158,162,180,191,200],"modern":[9],"political":[10,34,73],"communication.":[11,41],"Political":[12],"parties":[13,163],"use":[14],"it":[15],"for":[16],"variety":[18],"purposes,":[20],"including":[21],"relationships":[22],"with":[23],"its":[24],"supporters":[25],"and":[26,78,102,169,172,203],"potential":[27],"voters.":[28],"Therefore,":[29],"the":[30,54,59,66,69,75,79,88,94,97,107,120,125,136,146,156,159,167,175,189,198],"website":[31,44,123,137],"any":[33],"party":[35],"is":[36,56,111,128],"an":[37,151],"channel":[39],"Such":[42],"should":[45,186],"be":[46],"user-friendly":[47],"to":[48,57,188,196],"various":[49],"audiences.":[50],"purpose":[52],"article":[55],"assess":[58],"quality":[60,134,199],"information":[62,204],"architecture":[63],"(IA)":[64],"on":[65,96,155,166],"websites":[67,192],"two":[70],"major":[71],"American":[72],"parties:":[74],"Republican":[76,126],"Party":[77,127,140],"Democratic":[80,139],"Party.":[81],"Triangulation":[82],"methods":[84],"was":[85],"used":[86],"in":[87,131,177,194],"research:":[89],"qualitative-heuristic":[91],"assessment":[92,101,157],"IA":[95],"mentioned":[98],"websites,":[99,109],"expert":[100],"comparative":[104],"analysis.":[105],"Within":[106],"examined":[108],"there":[110],"noticeable":[113],"lack":[114],"some":[116],"components":[118],"IA.":[121],"slightly":[129],"better":[130],"terms":[132],"than":[135],"by":[141],"14.09%.":[142],"results":[144],"conducted":[147],"research":[148,193],"may":[149],"have":[150],"impact":[152],"not":[153],"only":[154],"technological":[160],"advancement":[161],"but":[164],"also":[165,174],"image":[168],"public":[170],"perception,":[171],"therefore":[173],"effectiveness":[176],"reaching":[178],"voters":[179],"given":[182],"party.":[183],"This":[184],"approach":[185],"contribute":[187],"development":[190],"order":[195],"improve":[197],"user":[201],"experience":[202],"processes.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}