{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4324377016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231160031","title":"Towards a moderate realist foundation for ontological knowledge organization systems: The question of the naturalness of classifications","display_name":"Towards a moderate realist foundation for ontological knowledge organization systems: The question of the naturalness of classifications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4324377016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231160031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/01655515231160031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231160031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68913162","display_name":"Journal of Information Science","issn_l":"0165-5515","issn":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231160031","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080374775","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Miguel Oliveira Machado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3403-5618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lu\u00eds Miguel Oliveira Machado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017527857","display_name":"Daniel Mart\u00ednez\u2010\u00c1vila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-553X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1vila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028245523","display_name":"Maur\u00edcio Barcellos Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-270X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauricio B Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Theory and Management, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Theory and Management, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077634349","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Manuel Borges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-6168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Manuel Borges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Communication and Information, University of Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Communication and Information, University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080374775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8698,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77810707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"4","first_page":"969","last_page":"986"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.7545695304870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.6706407070159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-realism","display_name":"Scientific realism","score":0.5295632481575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realism","display_name":"Realism","score":0.49404194951057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspectivism","display_name":"Perspectivism","score":0.47835037112236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.4687657058238983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalness","display_name":"Naturalness","score":0.4629240036010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essentialism","display_name":"Essentialism","score":0.42292076349258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.41048139333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35093754529953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.22280418872833252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7545695304870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6706407070159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103138315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431354","display_name":"Scientific realism","level":3,"score":0.5295632481575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543847140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826","display_name":"Realism","level":2,"score":0.49404194951057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167187","display_name":"Perspectivism","level":2,"score":0.47835037112236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.4687657058238983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134537474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144832","display_name":"Naturalness","level":2,"score":0.4629240036010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153683151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391156","display_name":"Essentialism","level":2,"score":0.42292076349258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.41048139333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35093754529953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.22280418872833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/01655515231160031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231160031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68913162","display_name":"Journal of Information Science","issn_l":"0165-5515","issn":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/114726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10316/114726","pdf_url":"https://estudogeral.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/114726/1/machado-et-al-2023-towards-a-moderate-realist-foundation-for-ontological-knowledge-organization-systems-the-question-of.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402070","display_name":"Estudo Geral (Universidad de Coimbra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","host_organization_name":"University of Coimbra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:buleria.unileon.es:10612/21997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10612/21997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401642","display_name":"Buleria (Universidad de Le\u00f3n)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169046204","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169046204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/111802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10316/111802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402070","display_name":"Estudo Geral (Universidad de Coimbra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","host_organization_name":"University of Coimbra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/01655515231160031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231160031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68913162","display_name":"Journal of Information Science","issn_l":"0165-5515","issn":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37666940","https://openalex.org/W39910368","https://openalex.org/W96663764","https://openalex.org/W292903631","https://openalex.org/W1490098189","https://openalex.org/W1502351958","https://openalex.org/W1510733794","https://openalex.org/W1512036063","https://openalex.org/W1523384756","https://openalex.org/W1546919041","https://openalex.org/W1553096004","https://openalex.org/W1802346448","https://openalex.org/W1854690031","https://openalex.org/W1965351012","https://openalex.org/W1966999546","https://openalex.org/W1971668606","https://openalex.org/W1975397184","https://openalex.org/W1981534154","https://openalex.org/W1982314283","https://openalex.org/W1986841921","https://openalex.org/W2020726632","https://openalex.org/W2028453629","https://openalex.org/W2031132552","https://openalex.org/W2040276644","https://openalex.org/W2043459547","https://openalex.org/W2045616788","https://openalex.org/W2047868398","https://openalex.org/W2055532234","https://openalex.org/W2071380751","https://openalex.org/W2076439247","https://openalex.org/W2095236054","https://openalex.org/W2105163415","https://openalex.org/W2124719416","https://openalex.org/W2133200976","https://openalex.org/W2149539448","https://openalex.org/W2160342118","https://openalex.org/W2166944102","https://openalex.org/W2168494870","https://openalex.org/W2298888466","https://openalex.org/W2313433230","https://openalex.org/W2362939265","https://openalex.org/W2418129219","https://openalex.org/W2486495687","https://openalex.org/W2500373119","https://openalex.org/W2528142814","https://openalex.org/W2557944485","https://openalex.org/W2603102735","https://openalex.org/W2765682091","https://openalex.org/W2780063163","https://openalex.org/W2791775738","https://openalex.org/W2800280574","https://openalex.org/W2803496712","https://openalex.org/W2810640926","https://openalex.org/W2883204606","https://openalex.org/W2890831143","https://openalex.org/W2891426376","https://openalex.org/W2893487071","https://openalex.org/W2916124791","https://openalex.org/W3025446156","https://openalex.org/W3124949007","https://openalex.org/W3132746853","https://openalex.org/W3138333934","https://openalex.org/W3162439866","https://openalex.org/W3196728721","https://openalex.org/W4200230695","https://openalex.org/W4205351250","https://openalex.org/W4205532272","https://openalex.org/W4232348492","https://openalex.org/W4234144136","https://openalex.org/W4236584412","https://openalex.org/W4238298130","https://openalex.org/W4243454840","https://openalex.org/W4245281199","https://openalex.org/W4245685967","https://openalex.org/W4247861708","https://openalex.org/W4250606255","https://openalex.org/W4253794549","https://openalex.org/W4255498502","https://openalex.org/W4255880348","https://openalex.org/W4255928670","https://openalex.org/W4256569643","https://openalex.org/W4285179539","https://openalex.org/W4299725134","https://openalex.org/W6697136682","https://openalex.org/W6845012994","https://openalex.org/W7051690991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3158696331","https://openalex.org/W2087328106","https://openalex.org/W1975987883","https://openalex.org/W2135326403","https://openalex.org/W3085780729","https://openalex.org/W2955584600","https://openalex.org/W3194443927","https://openalex.org/W2097568970","https://openalex.org/W2080217733","https://openalex.org/W2995520316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"authors":[1],"emphasise":[2],"the":[3,13,32,36,43,50,57,65,75,82,143,158,162],"need":[4,37],"for":[5,38,91,142],"a":[6,16,39,71,89,92,121],"change":[7],"in":[8],"classification":[9],"theory":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,29,62,79,102,112,117,161],"influence":[14],"of":[15,34,46,49,52,74,145,165],"dogmatic":[17],"and":[18,42,126],"monistic":[19],"ontology":[20],"supported":[21],"by":[22,130],"an":[23,138],"outdated":[24],"essentialism.":[25],"These":[26],"claims":[27],"tend":[28],"focus":[30],"on":[31,70],"fallibility":[33],"knowledge,":[35],"pluralistic":[40,96],"view,":[41],"theoretical":[44,83],"burden":[45],"observations.":[47],"Regardless":[48],"legitimacy":[51],"these":[53],"concerns,":[54],"there":[55],"is":[56,101,140],"risk,":[58],"when":[59],"not":[60],"moderate,":[61],"fall":[63],"into":[64],"opposite":[66],"relativistic":[67],"extreme.":[68],"Based":[69],"narrative":[72],"review":[73],"literature,":[76],"we":[77,134],"aim":[78],"reflectively":[80],"discuss":[81],"foundations":[84],"that":[85,136,153],"can":[86,156],"serve":[87],"as":[88],"basis":[90],"realist":[93],"position":[94],"supporting":[95],"ontological":[97,125,146,154],"classifications.":[98],"The":[99],"goal":[100],"show":[103],"that,":[104],"against":[105],"rather":[106],"conventional":[107],"solutions,":[108],"objective":[109],"scientific-based":[110],"approaches":[111],"natural":[113],"classifications":[114],"are":[115],"presented":[116],"be":[118],"viable,":[119],"allowing":[120],"proper":[122],"distinction":[123],"between":[124],"taxonomic":[127],"questions.":[128],"Supported":[129],"critical":[131],"scientific":[132],"realism,":[133],"consider":[135],"such":[137],"approach":[139],"suitable":[141],"development":[144],"Knowledge":[147],"Organisation":[148],"Systems":[149],"(KOSs).":[150],"We":[151],"believe":[152],"perspectivism":[155],"provide":[157],"necessary":[159],"adaptation":[160],"different":[163],"granularities":[164],"reality.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}