{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127402721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551520985486","title":"Detection of conspiracy propagators using psycho-linguistic characteristics","display_name":"Detection of conspiracy propagators using psycho-linguistic characteristics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127402721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551520985486","mag":"3127402721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0165551520985486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551520985486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68913162","display_name":"Journal of Information Science","issn_l":"0165-5515","issn":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/431462","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072912426","display_name":"Anastasia Giachanou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-8667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anastasia Giachanou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain; Utrecht University, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain; Utrecht University, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004191261","display_name":"Bilal Ghanem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-8574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilal Ghanem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain; Symanto Research, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain; Symanto Research, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053947754","display_name":"Paolo Rosso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-1242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Rosso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072912426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353","https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.3778,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98251007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"Disinformation","score":0.8791568279266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagator","display_name":"Propagator","score":0.7137475609779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6516690254211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6327046751976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5623119473457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5340481996536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.479744553565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4649547338485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.43638864159584045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.41799354553222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3964914083480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3650025725364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.2059677541255951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.19941318035125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1185460090637207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.8791568279266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104416048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302518","display_name":"Propagator","level":2,"score":0.7137475609779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6516690254211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6327046751976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5623119473457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5340481996536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.479744553565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4649547338485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.43638864159584045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.41799354553222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3964914083480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3650025725364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2059677541255951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.19941318035125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1185460090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0165551520985486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551520985486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68913162","display_name":"Journal of Information Science","issn_l":"0165-5515","issn":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/431462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/431462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/183532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/183532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401500","display_name":"RiuNet (Politechnical University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/431462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/431462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1009240154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PGC2018-096212-B-C31","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4041819821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COST Action 17124 DigForAsp","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320366","funder_display_name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4879558682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2TIP2_181441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320366","display_name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bstzn19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W832361413","https://openalex.org/W1972820248","https://openalex.org/W1972978214","https://openalex.org/W2011722134","https://openalex.org/W2016520072","https://openalex.org/W2047390304","https://openalex.org/W2084591134","https://openalex.org/W2099465598","https://openalex.org/W2105039978","https://openalex.org/W2133131640","https://openalex.org/W2140910804","https://openalex.org/W2315116440","https://openalex.org/W2398470805","https://openalex.org/W2607700676","https://openalex.org/W2731369199","https://openalex.org/W2735482984","https://openalex.org/W2787000863","https://openalex.org/W2790166049","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2891177506","https://openalex.org/W2912018209","https://openalex.org/W2952900437","https://openalex.org/W2963416784","https://openalex.org/W2970844540","https://openalex.org/W2985731727","https://openalex.org/W2993162047","https://openalex.org/W3023367181","https://openalex.org/W3036049456","https://openalex.org/W3186688078","https://openalex.org/W4205171160","https://openalex.org/W4237381338","https://openalex.org/W4365799834","https://openalex.org/W4388430224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120934925","https://openalex.org/W4283756172","https://openalex.org/W3206164673","https://openalex.org/W3188086985","https://openalex.org/W3105927914","https://openalex.org/W3025084970","https://openalex.org/W3111061658","https://openalex.org/W3012748561","https://openalex.org/W4206984011","https://openalex.org/W3118381365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,182],"rise":[1],"of":[2,15,21,59,64,72,81,94,121,134,176],"social":[3,118],"media":[4,119],"has":[5,28],"offered":[6],"a":[7,69,107,140,143,153,159],"fast":[8],"and":[9,18,37,78,93,114,164],"easy":[10],"way":[11],"for":[12,137],"the":[13,24,57,62,132,174,189,199],"propagation":[14,63],"conspiracy":[16,65,91,127,144,180,193],"theories":[17,66,92],"other":[19],"types":[20],"disinformation.":[22,73],"Despite":[23],"research":[25],"attention":[26],"that":[27,42,67,84,89,99,123,155,185],"received,":[29],"fake":[30],"news":[31],"detection":[32],"remains":[33],"an":[34],"open":[35],"problem":[36],"users":[38,60,83,122,177],"keep":[39],"sharing":[40],"articles":[41],"contain":[43],"false":[44],"statements":[45],"but":[46],"which":[47,165],"they":[48],"consider":[49],"real.":[50],"In":[51,148],"this":[52,103],"article,":[53],"we":[54,75,105,130,150],"focus":[55],"on":[56,158],"role":[58],"in":[61,191],"is":[68,142,156],"specific":[70],"type":[71],"First,":[74],"compare":[76,131],"profile":[77],"psycho-linguistic":[79,170],"patterns":[80],"online":[82],"tend":[85],"to":[86,178,204],"propagate":[87,97],"posts":[88,98,125],"support":[90],"those":[95,135],"who":[96],"refute":[100],"them.":[101],"To":[102],"end,":[104],"perform":[106],"comparative":[108],"analysis":[109],"over":[110],"various":[111],"profile,":[112],"psychological":[113],"linguistic":[115],"characteristics":[116,136,171],"using":[117],"texts":[120],"share":[124],"about":[126],"theories.":[128],"Then,":[129],"effectiveness":[133],"predicting":[138],"whether":[139],"user":[141],"propagator":[145],"or":[146],"not.":[147],"addition,":[149],"propose":[151],"ConspiDetector,":[152],"model":[154],"based":[157],"convolutional":[160],"neural":[161],"network":[162],"(CNN)":[163],"combines":[166],"word":[167],"embeddings":[168],"with":[169,198,202],"extracted":[172],"from":[173],"tweets":[175],"detect":[179],"propagators.":[181],"results":[183],"show":[184],"ConspiDetector":[186],"can":[187],"improve":[188],"performance":[190],"detecting":[192],"propagators":[194],"by":[195],"8.82%":[196],"compared":[197],"CNN":[200],"baseline":[201],"regard":[203],"F1-metric.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}