{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2604839442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650217699934","title":"Sensing Heroes and Villains: Character-Schema and the Disposition Formation Process","display_name":"Sensing Heroes and Villains: Character-Schema and the Disposition Formation Process","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2604839442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650217699934","mag":"2604839442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0093650217699934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650217699934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053095952","display_name":"Matthew Grizzard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-0308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Grizzard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065669633","display_name":"Jialing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8686-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006677558","display_name":"Kaitlin Fitzgerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-1768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitlin Fitzgerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056693095","display_name":"Changhyun Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhyun Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008786443","display_name":"Haoran Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-3254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053095952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82652148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"4","first_page":"479","last_page":"501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disposition","display_name":"Disposition","score":0.7851831316947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.7807127833366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.7804712057113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morality","display_name":"Morality","score":0.6232373714447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.6121824383735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.571444571018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-character","display_name":"Moral character","score":0.5534185171127319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.32391369342803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.24652734398841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.10646626353263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.07932159304618835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38022665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149305","display_name":"Disposition","level":2,"score":0.7851831316947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7807127833366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.7804712057113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200113983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Morality","level":2,"score":0.6232373714447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6121824383735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.571444571018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12504525","display_name":"Moral character","level":2,"score":0.5534185171127319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32391369342803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.24652734398841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10646626353263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07932159304618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0093650217699934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650217699934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114679546","https://openalex.org/W174342562","https://openalex.org/W1593687854","https://openalex.org/W1598517837","https://openalex.org/W1734770024","https://openalex.org/W1735975951","https://openalex.org/W1931218588","https://openalex.org/W1934425758","https://openalex.org/W1969380410","https://openalex.org/W1974288996","https://openalex.org/W1978157540","https://openalex.org/W1984113244","https://openalex.org/W2002598257","https://openalex.org/W2006523046","https://openalex.org/W2015634616","https://openalex.org/W2027293488","https://openalex.org/W2030870656","https://openalex.org/W2039357705","https://openalex.org/W2044222399","https://openalex.org/W2060501051","https://openalex.org/W2064090456","https://openalex.org/W2068867230","https://openalex.org/W2073410980","https://openalex.org/W2075382077","https://openalex.org/W2089295163","https://openalex.org/W2096877169","https://openalex.org/W2096898315","https://openalex.org/W2125292601","https://openalex.org/W2131934254","https://openalex.org/W2133707153","https://openalex.org/W2134040441","https://openalex.org/W2140900753","https://openalex.org/W2141470067","https://openalex.org/W2149653101","https://openalex.org/W2150690631","https://openalex.org/W2150884751","https://openalex.org/W2151888996","https://openalex.org/W2158810025","https://openalex.org/W2159430812","https://openalex.org/W2171099065","https://openalex.org/W2171604873","https://openalex.org/W2291406727","https://openalex.org/W2402663758","https://openalex.org/W2412879461","https://openalex.org/W2562388634","https://openalex.org/W2797784986","https://openalex.org/W2990390126","https://openalex.org/W3011865677","https://openalex.org/W4235809384","https://openalex.org/W4240262739","https://openalex.org/W4242415587","https://openalex.org/W4293381694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092211354","https://openalex.org/W1976483386","https://openalex.org/W2746969134","https://openalex.org/W2347987747","https://openalex.org/W2365333680","https://openalex.org/W2500168335","https://openalex.org/W3028113267","https://openalex.org/W2380421952","https://openalex.org/W2109542481","https://openalex.org/W3089333172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Character":[0],"morality":[1],"is":[2,99],"an":[3,105],"integral":[4],"variable":[5],"within":[6],"disposition":[7,42],"theories.":[8],"Zillmann":[9],"proposed":[10,28],"that":[11,78,96,112],"moral":[12,37,88,114,123],"judgments":[13,38,89,115,124],"of":[14,23,33,39,47,56,104,119,125],"characters":[15,40],"result":[16],"from":[17],"a":[18,24,29],"viewer":[19],"monitoring":[20],"and":[21,41,67,84,121,129],"approving/disapproving":[22],"character\u2019s":[25],"behaviors.":[26,92],"Raney":[27],"schema-based":[30,113],"theoretical":[31],"expansion":[32],"this":[34],"model,":[35],"wherein":[36],"formation\u2014facilitated":[43],"by":[44,101],"the":[45,54,102],"activation":[46,98],"character-schema":[48,97],"(e.g.,":[49],"hero/villain)\u2014might":[50],"occur":[51],"prior":[52],"to":[53,63,68],"observation":[55],"behavior.":[57],"Three":[58],"experimental":[59],"studies":[60],"were":[61],"conducted":[62],"test":[64],"Raney\u2019s":[65],"hypotheses":[66],"integrate":[69],"them":[70],"into":[71],"Zillmann\u2019s":[72],"original":[73],"models.":[74],"Study":[75,93,109],"1":[76],"indicates":[77],"visual":[79],"cues":[80],"associated":[81],"with":[82],"heroes":[83],"villains":[85],"evoke":[86],"character-consistent":[87],"absent":[90],"character":[91],"2":[94],"demonstrates":[95,111],"magnified":[100],"presence":[103],"opposing":[106],"character.":[107],"Finally,":[108],"3":[110],"can":[116],"bias":[117],"approbation":[118],"behaviors":[120],"subsequent":[122],"characters.":[126],"Theoretical":[127],"implications":[128],"directions":[130],"for":[131],"future":[132],"research":[133],"are":[134],"discussed.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-01T06:04:38.248271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
