{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159384458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212466257","title":"The Confirmation and Disconfirmation of Expectancies in Computer-Mediated Communication","display_name":"The Confirmation and Disconfirmation of Expectancies in Computer-Mediated Communication","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159384458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212466257","mag":"2159384458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0093650212466257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212466257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019990393","display_name":"Stephanie Tom Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-4425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Tom Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044651229","display_name":"Joseph B. Walther","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2393-9208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph B. Walther","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019990393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89847782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"2","first_page":"186","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.8112421035766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.7990346550941467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectancy-theory","display_name":"Expectancy theory","score":0.7509829998016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-communication","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","score":0.7222574949264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malleability","display_name":"Malleability","score":0.531523585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.5230811238288879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-source","display_name":"Communication source","score":0.42770880460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3809957504272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.27443909645080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11583462357521057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.8112421035766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7990346550941467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.7509829998016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.7222574949264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100980136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4668956","display_name":"Malleability","level":4,"score":0.531523585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5230811238288879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.42770880460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3809957504272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.27443909645080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11583462357521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0093650212466257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212466257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1446543390","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1513237367","https://openalex.org/W1557547282","https://openalex.org/W1564586216","https://openalex.org/W1892750624","https://openalex.org/W1974884928","https://openalex.org/W1979212788","https://openalex.org/W1986150740","https://openalex.org/W1996533425","https://openalex.org/W1998189739","https://openalex.org/W1999297692","https://openalex.org/W2007589654","https://openalex.org/W2008542123","https://openalex.org/W2020460996","https://openalex.org/W2022622770","https://openalex.org/W2024972452","https://openalex.org/W2043614274","https://openalex.org/W2053081145","https://openalex.org/W2062557360","https://openalex.org/W2062974058","https://openalex.org/W2067983645","https://openalex.org/W2070603134","https://openalex.org/W2084712827","https://openalex.org/W2086704681","https://openalex.org/W2098572648","https://openalex.org/W2100367301","https://openalex.org/W2117799331","https://openalex.org/W2118745571","https://openalex.org/W2119746200","https://openalex.org/W2122029294","https://openalex.org/W2130103263","https://openalex.org/W2130947689","https://openalex.org/W2142849824","https://openalex.org/W2151274814","https://openalex.org/W2171099065","https://openalex.org/W2193983525","https://openalex.org/W2322288693","https://openalex.org/W2576297379","https://openalex.org/W2580389126","https://openalex.org/W2766079409","https://openalex.org/W2989907058","https://openalex.org/W2990403882","https://openalex.org/W2990825087","https://openalex.org/W4229796386","https://openalex.org/W4238382014","https://openalex.org/W4247203600","https://openalex.org/W4251075560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152378661","https://openalex.org/W4230970957","https://openalex.org/W2365048292","https://openalex.org/W2931697751","https://openalex.org/W2886885463","https://openalex.org/W1987381973","https://openalex.org/W1986463773","https://openalex.org/W2356199037","https://openalex.org/W2348794103","https://openalex.org/W4380186046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"addresses":[2],"three":[3],"important":[4,67],"issues":[5],"regarding":[6],"interpersonal":[7,74],"expectancy":[8],"effects":[9],"and":[10,20,51,83,97],"communication":[11,33,56],"across":[12],"various":[13],"modalities.":[14],"The":[15],"phenomena":[16],"of":[17,70,73,81,91],"behavioral":[18,95],"confirmation":[19,50,82],"disconfirmation":[21,52,104],"were":[22],"tested":[23,38],"in":[24,55,76],"an":[25,66],"original":[26],"experiment":[27],"involving":[28],"148":[29],"participants":[30],"using":[31],"computer-mediated":[32],"(CMC).":[34],"First,":[35],"this":[36],"study":[37],"a":[39,77],"boundary":[40],"condition":[41],"asserted":[42],"by":[43,93,101],"previous":[44],"theorists":[45],"about":[46],"whether":[47],"or":[48],"not":[49],"could":[53],"occur":[54],"channels":[57],"without":[58],"nonverbal":[59],"communication.":[60],"Secondly,":[61],"it":[62,86],"shed":[63],"light":[64],"on":[65],"causal":[68],"variable":[69],"perceived":[71],"malleability":[72],"expectancies":[75],"novel,":[78],"simultaneous":[79],"test":[80],"disconfirmation.":[84],"Lastly,":[85],"verified":[87],"the":[88,99],"hyperpersonal":[89],"model":[90,100],"CMC":[92],"demonstrating":[94],"confirmation,":[96],"extended":[98],"specifying":[102],"when":[103],"occurs":[105],"online.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-01T06:04:38.248271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
