{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112422805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210362684","title":"Testing Causal Direction in the Influence of Presumed Media Influence","display_name":"Testing Causal Direction in the Influence of Presumed Media Influence","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112422805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210362684","mag":"2112422805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0093650210362684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210362684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079680733","display_name":"Nurit Tal\u2010Or","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nurit Tal-Or","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009825542","display_name":"Jonathan Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-836X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022761385","display_name":"Yariv Tsfati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7395-3257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yariv Tsfati","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110195429","display_name":"Albert C. L. G. G\u00fcnther","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert C. Gunther","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079680733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":74.0428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":152,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99821309,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"6","first_page":"801","last_page":"824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11540","display_name":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.7083871364593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.6238536834716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.6104720830917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5358871817588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.4745683968067169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-media","display_name":"Mass media","score":0.43112874031066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.20259952545166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.13312816619873047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7083871364593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6238536834716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6104720830917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5358871817588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.4745683968067169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558299567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11033","display_name":"Mass media","level":2,"score":0.43112874031066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.20259952545166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.13312816619873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0093650210362684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210362684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179781070","https://openalex.org/W581011378","https://openalex.org/W1583820821","https://openalex.org/W1970825195","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1979472761","https://openalex.org/W1983526267","https://openalex.org/W1987265296","https://openalex.org/W1998439138","https://openalex.org/W2000662142","https://openalex.org/W2003175054","https://openalex.org/W2011379987","https://openalex.org/W2026217192","https://openalex.org/W2033622392","https://openalex.org/W2038702827","https://openalex.org/W2039432963","https://openalex.org/W2052116148","https://openalex.org/W2053767623","https://openalex.org/W2059956936","https://openalex.org/W2067553043","https://openalex.org/W2070381949","https://openalex.org/W2073773696","https://openalex.org/W2081367990","https://openalex.org/W2081663851","https://openalex.org/W2089601185","https://openalex.org/W2096318880","https://openalex.org/W2099121747","https://openalex.org/W2100201014","https://openalex.org/W2100363990","https://openalex.org/W2102157270","https://openalex.org/W2113525440","https://openalex.org/W2116221432","https://openalex.org/W2122665565","https://openalex.org/W2124846327","https://openalex.org/W2126259135","https://openalex.org/W2129277966","https://openalex.org/W2138348102","https://openalex.org/W2145194097","https://openalex.org/W2146008799","https://openalex.org/W2158660239","https://openalex.org/W2160543880","https://openalex.org/W2163277400","https://openalex.org/W2167064319","https://openalex.org/W2491144499","https://openalex.org/W4292811746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2081494945","https://openalex.org/W2389053294","https://openalex.org/W1970893504","https://openalex.org/W4312071518","https://openalex.org/W2901208600","https://openalex.org/W1677090476","https://openalex.org/W2574301230","https://openalex.org/W1547624382","https://openalex.org/W4320159092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,62,130],"the":[2,11,69,73,85,88,96,110,127,131,139,149,154],"influence":[3,7,74,78,90,111],"of":[4,14,43,49,75,91,98,112],"presumed":[5,76],"media":[6,15,77],"hypothesis,":[8],"people":[9,18],"estimate":[10],"potential":[12],"effects":[13,97],"on":[16,101],"other":[17],"and":[19,54,94,134],"change":[20],"their":[21],"attitudes":[22],"or":[23],"behaviors":[24],"as":[25],"a":[26,40,59,113],"consequence.":[27],"In":[28,82,105,144],"recent":[29],"years,":[30],"many":[31],"studies":[32,45],"offered":[33],"some":[34],"support":[35,102],"for":[36,103],"this":[37,99],"idea.":[38],"However,":[39],"central":[41],"limitation":[42],"these":[44],"is":[46],"that":[47],"all":[48],"them":[50],"utilized":[51],"correlational":[52],"methodology":[53],"thus":[55],"do":[56],"not":[57],"offer":[58],"valid":[60],"way":[61],"infer":[63],"causality.":[64],"The":[65],"current":[66],"research":[67],"examined":[68],"causal":[70,150],"direction":[71,151],"in":[72,120],"using":[79],"experimental":[80],"methodology.":[81],"Study":[83,106],"1,":[84],"authors":[86],"manipulated":[87,123],"perceived":[89,128],"watching":[92],"pornography":[93],"measured":[95],"manipulation":[100],"censorship.":[104],"2,":[107],"perceptions":[108],"regarding":[109],"news":[114,132],"story":[115,140],"about":[116],"an":[117],"expected":[118],"shortage":[119],"sugar":[121],"were":[122,141],"indirectly,":[124],"by":[125,153],"manipulating":[126],"exposure":[129],"story,":[133],"behavioral":[135],"intentions":[136],"resulting":[137],"from":[138],"consequently":[142],"measured.":[143],"both":[145],"studies,":[146],"results":[147],"supported":[148],"postulated":[152],"\u201cpresumed":[155],"influence\u201d":[156],"hypothesis.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-01T06:04:38.248271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
