{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023153011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650203261513","title":"Methodological Artifact or Persistent Bias?","display_name":"Methodological Artifact or Persistent Bias?","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023153011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650203261513","mag":"2023153011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0093650203261513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650203261513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072914616","display_name":"Prabu David","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-1016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabu David","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Journalism and Communication at Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Journalism and Communication at Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009147953","display_name":"Kaiya Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiya Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Journalism and Communication at Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Journalism and Communication at Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046016982","display_name":"Michael Myser","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Myser","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":49.6901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99638539,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"206","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.7511136531829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-person","display_name":"Third person","score":0.6832122802734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.6459847092628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.6422297954559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-party","display_name":"Third party","score":0.43559059500694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3348517417907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.07384124398231506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7511136531829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019064422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1181947","display_name":"Third person","level":2,"score":0.6832122802734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.6459847092628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6422297954559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983583741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16785388","display_name":"Third party","level":2,"score":0.43559059500694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3348517417907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07384124398231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0093650203261513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650203261513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89658959","https://openalex.org/W158727920","https://openalex.org/W194173322","https://openalex.org/W1968410079","https://openalex.org/W1970398619","https://openalex.org/W1972609814","https://openalex.org/W1998226902","https://openalex.org/W1998245813","https://openalex.org/W2005852998","https://openalex.org/W2008568662","https://openalex.org/W2010398643","https://openalex.org/W2013149394","https://openalex.org/W2027461065","https://openalex.org/W2035078288","https://openalex.org/W2037392659","https://openalex.org/W2040848250","https://openalex.org/W2040993216","https://openalex.org/W2051791981","https://openalex.org/W2055388209","https://openalex.org/W2084489557","https://openalex.org/W2097801594","https://openalex.org/W2110922065","https://openalex.org/W2119661845","https://openalex.org/W2129277966","https://openalex.org/W2132964687","https://openalex.org/W2138025131","https://openalex.org/W2145046219","https://openalex.org/W2145568901","https://openalex.org/W2155648052","https://openalex.org/W2322219725","https://openalex.org/W2502088893","https://openalex.org/W4240000106","https://openalex.org/W4292157289","https://openalex.org/W4292338041","https://openalex.org/W6990445560","https://openalex.org/W7019700705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375203360","https://openalex.org/W4245234099","https://openalex.org/W4253172765","https://openalex.org/W4242501285","https://openalex.org/W1510587694","https://openalex.org/W2171829618","https://openalex.org/W3149773305","https://openalex.org/W4283332409","https://openalex.org/W2351563136","https://openalex.org/W2361624286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Differences":[0],"in":[1,12,88],"perceived":[2,55],"influences":[3],"of":[4,35,94],"positive":[5],"and":[6,27,43,59],"negative":[7],"media":[8],"messages":[9],"were":[10,48,86,105],"examined":[11],"three":[13,92],"experiments":[14],"with":[15],"methodological":[16,127],"variations.":[17],"In":[18,50],"the":[19,23,33,40,44,54,67,74,108,120,141],"first":[20],"experiment,":[21],"when":[22,53],"contrast":[24],"between":[25],"self":[26,58],"others":[28,60],"was":[29,61,78],"clearly":[30],"highlighted":[31],"within":[32],"framework":[34],"a":[36,64,126,130],"within-subject":[37],"design,":[38,66],"both":[39],"third-person":[41,46,68,76,97,121,143],"effect":[42,47,56,69,77,144],"reverse":[45,75,142],"significant.":[49],"Experiment":[51,84,89],"2,":[52],"on":[57],"evaluated":[62],"using":[63],"between-subjects":[65],"continued":[70,99],"to":[71,100,111,146],"persist,":[72],"whereas":[73,140],"not":[79,124],"evident.":[80],"The":[81,96],"results":[82,117],"from":[83],"2":[85],"replicated":[87],"3":[90],"under":[91],"levels":[93],"accountability.":[95],"bias":[98,134],"persist":[101],"even":[102],"after":[103],"participants":[104],"briefed":[106],"about":[107],"self-serving":[109],"motivation":[110],"appear":[112],"better":[113],"than":[114],"others.":[115],"These":[116],"suggest":[118],"that":[119,135],"phenomenon":[122],"is":[123],"merely":[125],"artifact":[128],"but":[129],"persistent":[131],"social":[132],"judgment":[133],"cannot":[136],"be":[137,147],"easily":[138],"neutralized,":[139],"appears":[145],"less":[148],"robust.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
