{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2589523939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549717690826","title":"A PDEVS simulator supporting multiple synchronization protocols: implementation and performance analysis","display_name":"A PDEVS simulator supporting multiple synchronization protocols: implementation and performance analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2589523939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549717690826","mag":"2589523939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0037549717690826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549717690826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32573412","display_name":"SIMULATION","issn_l":"0037-5497","issn":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIMULATION","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/12550bd7-3cf4-42e6-887a-5fd3b41438fd","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049735513","display_name":"Ben Cardoen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-1165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Cardoen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013104268","display_name":"Stijn Manhaeve","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stijn Manhaeve","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008290143","display_name":"Yentl Van Tendeloo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yentl Van Tendeloo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087421765","display_name":"J. Broeckhove","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Broeckhove","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008290143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.613,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84544647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"4","first_page":"281","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8149198293685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6831852197647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-synchronization","display_name":"Time synchronization","score":0.4165630042552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.39682579040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3867286443710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2668650448322296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8149198293685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6831852197647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986737936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Time synchronization","level":2,"score":0.4165630042552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.39682579040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3867286443710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2668650448322296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0037549717690826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549717690826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32573412","display_name":"SIMULATION","issn_l":"0037-5497","issn":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIMULATION","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:c:irua:140690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1406900151162165141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196495","display_name":"Anet (University of Antwerp)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","host_organization_name":"University of Antwerp","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/12550bd7-3cf4-42e6-887a-5fd3b41438fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/12550bd7-3cf4-42e6-887a-5fd3b41438fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cardoen, B, Manhaeve, S, Van Tendeloo, Y & Broeckhove, J 2018, 'A PDEVS simulator supporting multiple synchronization protocols : implementation and performance analysis', Simulation, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 281-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549717690826","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/12550bd7-3cf4-42e6-887a-5fd3b41438fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/12550bd7-3cf4-42e6-887a-5fd3b41438fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cardoen, B, Manhaeve, S, Van Tendeloo, Y & Broeckhove, J 2018, 'A PDEVS simulator supporting multiple synchronization protocols : implementation and performance analysis', Simulation, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 281-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549717690826","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37603840","https://openalex.org/W1559885239","https://openalex.org/W1599698343","https://openalex.org/W1988025392","https://openalex.org/W2003404630","https://openalex.org/W2010459485","https://openalex.org/W2010806372","https://openalex.org/W2035743124","https://openalex.org/W2053132205","https://openalex.org/W2119241261","https://openalex.org/W2123483967","https://openalex.org/W2126270278","https://openalex.org/W2128563079","https://openalex.org/W2132545874","https://openalex.org/W2132947829","https://openalex.org/W2135442224","https://openalex.org/W2136372004","https://openalex.org/W2140744273","https://openalex.org/W2141679563","https://openalex.org/W2146909240","https://openalex.org/W2157385597","https://openalex.org/W2166437339","https://openalex.org/W2168682872","https://openalex.org/W2284428095","https://openalex.org/W2296364107","https://openalex.org/W2296636214","https://openalex.org/W2535419763","https://openalex.org/W2558088343","https://openalex.org/W2562426360","https://openalex.org/W2608179855","https://openalex.org/W4237371537","https://openalex.org/W4250997858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2562426360","https://openalex.org/W2153337653","https://openalex.org/W2393907836","https://openalex.org/W2611943955","https://openalex.org/W755781431","https://openalex.org/W1978620083","https://openalex.org/W3140019497","https://openalex.org/W75005028","https://openalex.org/W2136352328","https://openalex.org/W2137284612","https://openalex.org/W2001627811","https://openalex.org/W2551906104","https://openalex.org/W2104523162","https://openalex.org/W2115373248","https://openalex.org/W2160384982","https://openalex.org/W2084168445","https://openalex.org/W2114956584","https://openalex.org/W2025832363","https://openalex.org/W2137103259","https://openalex.org/W1895206775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,49,101,124,129,135,165,173,184,187,206],"ever-increasing":[2],"complexity":[3],"of":[4,21,53,123,148,172,176,215],"simulation":[5,8,13,59,199],"models,":[6],"parallel":[7],"becomes":[9],"necessary":[10],"to":[11,27,48,63,103,144,154,197],"perform":[12],"within":[14],"reasonable":[15],"time":[16,150],"bounds.":[17],"The":[18,91,109,213],"built-in":[19],"parallelism":[20,175],"Parallel":[22,57,74],"DEVS":[23,58,75],"is":[24,142],"often":[25],"insufficient":[26],"tackle":[28],"this":[29,69],"problem":[30],"on":[31,78,82,201,217],"its":[32],"own.":[33],"Several":[34],"synchronization":[35,89,114,138,169,208,219],"protocols":[36,97,115,209,220],"have":[37],"been":[38],"proposed,":[39],"each":[40,113],"with":[41,116,170,186],"their":[42],"distinct":[43],"advantages":[44],"and":[45,80,87,151,180,182],"disadvantages.":[46],"Due":[47],"significantly":[50],"different":[51,207],"implementation":[52,122],"these":[54],"protocols,":[55],"most":[56,136],"tools":[60],"are":[61,221],"limited":[62],"only":[64,94],"one":[65],"such":[66],"protocol.":[67,126,139],"In":[68],"paper,":[70],"we":[71],"present":[72],"a":[73,118],"simulator,":[76],"grafted":[77],"C++11":[79],"based":[81],"PythonPDEVS,":[83],"supporting":[84],"both":[85,96],"conservative":[86],"optimistic":[88],"protocols.":[90],"simulator":[92,110],"not":[93,160],"supports":[95],"but":[98],"also":[99,222],"has":[100],"capability":[102],"switch":[104],"between":[105,205],"them":[106],"at":[107],"runtime.":[108],"can":[111,210],"combine":[112],"either":[117],"threaded":[119],"or":[120],"sequential":[121],"PDEVS":[125,177],"We":[127,163,190],"evaluate":[128],"performance":[130],"gain":[131],"obtained":[132,167],"by":[133,168],"choosing":[134],"appropriate":[137],"A":[140],"comparison":[141],"made":[143],"adevs":[145],"in":[146,178],"terms":[147],"CPU":[149],"memory":[152],"usage,":[153],"show":[155],"that":[156,171],"our":[157,218],"modularity":[158],"does":[159],"hinder":[161],"performance.":[162],"compare":[164],"speedup":[166],"inherent":[174],"isolation":[179],"combination,":[181],"contrast":[183],"results":[185],"theoretical":[188],"limits.":[189],"further":[191],"allow":[192],"for":[193],"an":[194],"external":[195],"component":[196],"gather":[198],"statistics,":[200],"which":[202],"runtime":[203],"switching":[204],"be":[211],"based.":[212],"effects":[214],"allocation":[216],"studied.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}