{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993885071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003754970107600201","title":"A New Heuristic Optimization Algorithm: Harmony Search","display_name":"A New Heuristic Optimization Algorithm: Harmony Search","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993885071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003754970107600201","mag":"1993885071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/003754970107600201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003754970107600201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32573412","display_name":"SIMULATION","issn_l":"0037-5497","issn":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIMULATION","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005365069","display_name":"Zong Woo Geem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-5562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zong Woo Geem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea University, Seoul, South Korea 136-701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea University, Seoul, South Korea 136-701","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002832127","display_name":"Joong Hoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3729-7560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joong Hoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea University, Seoul, South Korea 136-701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea University, Seoul, South Korea 136-701","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047548096","display_name":"G. V. Loganathan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.V. Loganathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6502,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6220,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96812665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"2","first_page":"60","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmony-search","display_name":"Harmony search","score":0.8270182609558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tabu-search","display_name":"Tabu search","score":0.6914827227592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6044187545776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5965428352355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.5796495079994202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.5361997485160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.5269021987915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4887528419494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4220491051673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyper-heuristic","display_name":"Hyper-heuristic","score":0.4129619598388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3812238574028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34274959564208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2509552836418152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33099171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26208718","display_name":"Harmony search","level":2,"score":0.8270182609558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123370116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424540","display_name":"Tabu search","level":2,"score":0.6914827227592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6044187545776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5965428352355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.5796495079994202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.5361997485160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.5269021987915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4887528419494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4220491051673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117270229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5957539","display_name":"Hyper-heuristic","level":5,"score":0.4129619598388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3812238574028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34274959564208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2509552836418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/003754970107600201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003754970107600201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32573412","display_name":"SIMULATION","issn_l":"0037-5497","issn":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIMULATION","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310578","display_name":"University of Maryland","ror":"https://ror.org/01r0c1p88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322348","display_name":"Korea Science and Engineering Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11974643","https://openalex.org/W251845841","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1601571371","https://openalex.org/W1970871380","https://openalex.org/W1983966343","https://openalex.org/W1997319433","https://openalex.org/W1997621454","https://openalex.org/W2011703887","https://openalex.org/W2011944551","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2047115136","https://openalex.org/W2056760934","https://openalex.org/W2093505886","https://openalex.org/W2164855953","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3149025087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372624488","https://openalex.org/W1496413023","https://openalex.org/W2991484371","https://openalex.org/W2794855054","https://openalex.org/W4307526247","https://openalex.org/W2079721241","https://openalex.org/W2141083629","https://openalex.org/W2081475278","https://openalex.org/W4200518988","https://openalex.org/W4321504838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"optimization":[1,11,15,51,117],"problems":[2],"in":[3,34],"various":[4],"fields":[5],"have":[6,30],"been":[7,93],"solved":[8],"using":[9],"diverse":[10],"al":[12],"gorithms.":[13],"Traditional":[14],"techniques":[16],"such":[17,48],"as":[18,49],"linear":[19],"programming":[20,23],"(LP),":[21],"non-linear":[22],"(NLP),":[24],"and":[25,57,96,119],"dynamic":[26],"program":[27],"ming":[28],"(DP)":[29],"had":[31],"major":[32],"roles":[33],"solving":[35],"these":[36],"problems.":[37],"However,":[38,61],"their":[39],"drawbacks":[40],"generate":[41],"demand":[42],"for":[43],"other":[44],"types":[45],"of":[46,68,89,103],"algorithms,":[47],"heuristic":[50,71,84],"approaches":[52],"(simulated":[53],"annealing,":[54],"tabu":[55],"search,":[56],"evolutionary":[58],"algo":[59],"rithms).":[60],"there":[62],"are":[63],"still":[64],"some":[65],"possibili":[66],"ties":[67],"devising":[69],"new":[70,83],"algorithms":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74],"analogies":[75],"with":[76,108],"natural":[77],"or":[78],"artificial":[79],"phenom":[80],"ena.":[81],"A":[82],"algorithm,":[85],"mimicking":[86],"the":[87,104],"improvisation":[88],"music":[90],"players,":[91],"has":[92],"devel":[94],"oped":[95],"named":[97],"Harmony":[98],"Search":[99],"(HS).":[100],"The":[101],"performance":[102],"algorithm":[105],"is":[106],"illustrated":[107],"a":[109,114,120],"traveling":[110],"salesman":[111],"problem":[112],"(TSP),":[113],"specific":[115],"academic":[116],"problem,":[118],"least-cost":[121],"pipe":[122],"network":[123],"design":[124],"problem.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":278},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":374},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":416},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":522},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":480},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":495},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":423},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":453},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":434},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":410},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":394},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":342},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":324},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":253}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}