{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387345628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208231204704","title":"Eye-Tracking in Physical Human\u2013Robot Interaction: Mental Workload and Performance Prediction","display_name":"Eye-Tracking in Physical Human\u2013Robot Interaction: Mental Workload and Performance Prediction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387345628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208231204704","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37793896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208231204704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208231204704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038215777","display_name":"Satyajit Upasani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-5968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satyajit Upasani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-5968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055147962","display_name":"Divya Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-6177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Divya Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091686747","display_name":"Qi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018591825","display_name":"Jing Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-4875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025620905","display_name":"Alexander Leonessa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9317-2714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Leonessa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055147962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92436121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"8","first_page":"2104","last_page":"2119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.2475000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.2475000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.2021999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.1776999980211258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7125649452209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6002123951911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5975748300552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5889290571212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5673013925552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4822831451892853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4816626310348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4574822783470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4299851357936859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41484493017196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3859860897064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.28638768196105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2846129238605499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7125649452209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6002123951911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5975748300552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5889290571212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5673013925552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4822831451892853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4816626310348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4574822783470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4299851357936859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41484493017196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3859860897064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28638768196105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2846129238605499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208231204704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208231204704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37793896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37793896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4256588907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024772","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","funder_display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5720495357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242610","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","funder_display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6836104856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024772, 2242610","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","funder_display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1680797894","https://openalex.org/W1701700827","https://openalex.org/W1968181571","https://openalex.org/W1970890515","https://openalex.org/W2006683033","https://openalex.org/W2026217192","https://openalex.org/W2040080525","https://openalex.org/W2053381765","https://openalex.org/W2054154943","https://openalex.org/W2059826162","https://openalex.org/W2102804490","https://openalex.org/W2113844438","https://openalex.org/W2118275391","https://openalex.org/W2120779958","https://openalex.org/W2121817902","https://openalex.org/W2129825373","https://openalex.org/W2137070227","https://openalex.org/W2141403362","https://openalex.org/W2143953455","https://openalex.org/W2144629901","https://openalex.org/W2152985575","https://openalex.org/W2153738822","https://openalex.org/W2197616667","https://openalex.org/W2280090643","https://openalex.org/W2346312659","https://openalex.org/W2417393415","https://openalex.org/W2497409943","https://openalex.org/W2507323610","https://openalex.org/W2512996341","https://openalex.org/W2543709087","https://openalex.org/W2766125244","https://openalex.org/W2790215017","https://openalex.org/W2790742677","https://openalex.org/W2807959826","https://openalex.org/W2890656423","https://openalex.org/W2905459027","https://openalex.org/W2976101205","https://openalex.org/W2990880933","https://openalex.org/W3003195644","https://openalex.org/W3080078178","https://openalex.org/W3081821660","https://openalex.org/W3087519526","https://openalex.org/W3088156851","https://openalex.org/W3197913004","https://openalex.org/W3214499574","https://openalex.org/W4300870773","https://openalex.org/W4312773932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2047559669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1],"Physical":[2],"Human-Robot":[3],"Interaction":[4],"(pHRI),":[5],"the":[6,10,25,32,94,124,158,215],"need":[7],"to":[8,43,50,78,98,111,146,156,205,228,236],"learn":[9],"robot's":[11],"motor-control":[12,219],"dynamics":[13,26],"is":[14],"associated":[15,132],"with":[16,84,133,167],"increased":[17],"cognitive":[18,191,238],"load.":[19],"Eye-tracking":[20,152],"metrics":[21],"can":[22,234],"help":[23],"understand":[24],"of":[27,34,39,93,105,130,160,178,194,198,246],"fluctuating":[28],"mental":[29],"workload":[30,131,247],"over":[31,88],"course":[33],"learning.":[35,139],"OBJECTIVE:":[36],"The":[37,102,174],"aim":[38],"this":[40],"study":[41],"was":[42,96,114,143,181],"test":[44],"eye-tracking":[45,106,179,244],"measures'":[46],"sensitivity":[47,169,175],"and":[48,108,120,127,138,170,176,209,220,240,248],"reliability":[49,177],"variations":[51],"in":[52,61,135,148,164,190],"task":[53,83,136,141,206],"difficulty,":[54],"as":[55,57],"well":[56],"their":[58,109],"performance-prediction":[59],"capability,":[60],"physical":[62],"human-robot":[63],"collaboration":[64],"tasks":[65],"involving":[66],"an":[67],"industrial":[68],"robot":[69,87,95],"for":[70,214],"object":[71],"comanipulation.":[72],"METHODS:":[73],"Participants":[74],"(9M,":[75],"9F)":[76],"learned":[77],"coperform":[79],"a":[80,85,149],"virtual":[81],"pick-and-place":[82],"bimanual":[86],"multiple":[89],"trials.":[90],"Joint":[91],"stiffness":[92],"manipulated":[97],"increase":[99],"motor-coordination":[100],"demands.":[101],"psychometric":[103],"properties":[104],"measures":[107,129,153,180,245],"ability":[110],"predict":[112,157],"performance":[113],"investigated.":[115],"RESULTS:":[116],"Stationary":[117],"Gaze":[118],"Entropy":[119],"pupil":[121],"diameter":[122],"were":[123,154,185,202],"most":[125,203],"reliable":[126],"sensitive":[128,204],"changes":[134],"difficulty":[137,142,207],"Increased":[140],"more":[144],"likely":[145,224],"result":[147],"robot-monitoring":[150],"strategy.":[151],"able":[155],"occurrence":[159],"success":[161],"or":[162],"failure":[163],"each":[165],"trial":[166],"70%":[168],"71%":[171],"accuracy.":[172],"CONCLUSION:":[173],"acceptable,":[182],"although":[183],"values":[184],"lower":[186],"than":[187],"those":[188],"observed":[189],"domains.":[192],"Measures":[193],"gaze":[195],"behaviors":[196],"indicative":[197],"visual":[199,249],"monitoring":[200],"strategies":[201],"manipulations,":[208],"should":[210],"be":[211,225],"explored":[212],"further":[213],"pHRI":[216],"domain":[217],"where":[218],"internal-model":[221],"formation":[222],"will":[223],"strong":[226],"contributors":[227],"workload.":[229],"APPLICATION:":[230],"Future":[231],"collaborative":[232],"robots":[233],"adapt":[235],"human":[237],"state":[239],"skill-level":[241],"measured":[242],"using":[243],"attention.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}