{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225010622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208221087760","title":"Perceived Discomfort, Neck Kinematics, and Muscular Activity During Smartphone Usage: A Comparative Study","display_name":"Perceived Discomfort, Neck Kinematics, and Muscular Activity During Smartphone Usage: A Comparative Study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225010622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208221087760","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35477293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208221087760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208221087760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113920491","display_name":"Zahra Vahedi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Vahedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103013436","display_name":"Zeinab Kazemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-7471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeinab Kazemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083161370","display_name":"Ali Sharifnezhad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-1441"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Sharifnezhad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport Sciences Research Institute","Centre of Sports Biomechanics, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Sciences Research Institute","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Sports Biomechanics, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023605143","display_name":"Adel Mazloumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-7962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adel Mazloumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health","Tehran University of Medical Sciences","Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-7962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023605143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2101,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87116573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"2","first_page":"437","last_page":"450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sitting","display_name":"Sitting","score":0.7426992058753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.6999725103378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.6802862882614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.5705801844596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5560160875320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.4358025789260864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776370487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144593","display_name":"Sitting","level":2,"score":0.7426992058753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.6999725103378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6802862882614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5705801844596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5560160875320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.4358025789260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009140","descriptor_name":"Musculoskeletal Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009140","descriptor_name":"Musculoskeletal Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009140","descriptor_name":"Musculoskeletal Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009140","descriptor_name":"Musculoskeletal Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009140","descriptor_name":"Musculoskeletal Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009140","descriptor_name":"Musculoskeletal Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018737","descriptor_name":"Hand Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018737","descriptor_name":"Hand Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018737","descriptor_name":"Hand Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018737","descriptor_name":"Hand Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018737","descriptor_name":"Hand Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018737","descriptor_name":"Hand Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208221087760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208221087760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35477293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35477293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7375063073","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"35970","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322670","funder_display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322670","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53370736","https://openalex.org/W774214747","https://openalex.org/W1481942696","https://openalex.org/W1582670531","https://openalex.org/W1963889484","https://openalex.org/W2021853488","https://openalex.org/W2027176182","https://openalex.org/W2039384350","https://openalex.org/W2044750823","https://openalex.org/W2053973925","https://openalex.org/W2061609234","https://openalex.org/W2064340157","https://openalex.org/W2070372228","https://openalex.org/W2073703759","https://openalex.org/W2077238458","https://openalex.org/W2085531501","https://openalex.org/W2100619357","https://openalex.org/W2111212279","https://openalex.org/W2113950472","https://openalex.org/W2133204116","https://openalex.org/W2136212731","https://openalex.org/W2141748369","https://openalex.org/W2171319886","https://openalex.org/W2207276676","https://openalex.org/W2332721753","https://openalex.org/W2427942037","https://openalex.org/W2461308752","https://openalex.org/W2465402886","https://openalex.org/W2473644856","https://openalex.org/W2484358986","https://openalex.org/W2616325763","https://openalex.org/W2745306394","https://openalex.org/W2765213354","https://openalex.org/W2768430712","https://openalex.org/W2783727152","https://openalex.org/W2793413878","https://openalex.org/W2808812808","https://openalex.org/W2901183246","https://openalex.org/W2970591681","https://openalex.org/W2998023180","https://openalex.org/W3006520666","https://openalex.org/W3084958888","https://openalex.org/W3088636492","https://openalex.org/W3094288489","https://openalex.org/W3121983756","https://openalex.org/W4253738538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2585190064","https://openalex.org/W2414618191","https://openalex.org/W2394982408","https://openalex.org/W2789522126","https://openalex.org/W2580175325","https://openalex.org/W2066693961","https://openalex.org/W2368363778","https://openalex.org/W122584421","https://openalex.org/W4244295168","https://openalex.org/W2258092894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1],"present":[2],"study":[3,134],"aims":[4],"to":[5,56,174,188],"evaluate":[6,175],"the":[7,31,73,113,126,136,176,200,206],"effects":[8],"of":[9,33,46,138,178,202],"posture,":[10],"task,":[11],"and":[12,19,49,68,79,90,106,119,130,146,152],"handgrip":[13,153],"style":[14],"on":[15,112,125],"discomfort,":[16,47],"neck":[17,117,143],"kinematics,":[18,48],"concomitant":[20],"muscular":[21,91,120,147],"activity":[22],"when":[23],"using":[24,139,158],"a":[25,165,169],"smartphone":[26,41,62,74,203],"(SP).":[27],"BACKGROUND:":[28],"Along":[29],"with":[30,76,80,108,199],"popularity":[32],"smartphones,":[34],"musculoskeletal":[35,181,192],"disorders":[36],"have":[37],"become":[38],"prevalent":[39],"among":[40,195],"users.":[42],"However,":[43],"comprehensive":[44],"aspects":[45],"electromyographic":[50],"responses":[51,177],"across":[52],"various":[53],"conditions":[54],"remain":[55],"be":[57,155,186],"investigated.":[58],"METHOD:":[59],"Twenty-four":[60],"young":[61],"users":[63],"performed":[64],"typing,":[65],"video":[66],"watching,":[67],"reading":[69],"tasks":[70],"while":[71,83,157],"holding":[72],"both":[75],"one":[77],"hand":[78],"two":[81],"hands":[82],"either":[84],"sitting":[85,105],"or":[86],"standing.":[87],"Neck":[88],"kinematics":[89,118],"activities":[92,121,148],"were":[93],"simultaneously":[94],"recorded.":[95],"RESULTS:":[96],"<":[97],"0.05).":[98],"Electromyographic":[99],"analysis":[100],"indicated":[101],"significant":[102],"differences":[103],"between":[104],"standing,":[107],"alterations":[109],"being":[110],"dependent":[111,167],"test":[114,162],"condition.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"significantly":[122],"differed":[123],"based":[124],"task":[127],"nature,":[128],"handgrip,":[129],"interactions.":[131],"CONCLUSION:":[132],"This":[133],"highlights":[135],"risk":[137],"smartphones":[140],"in":[141],"increased":[142],"angle":[144],"flexion":[145],"fatigue.":[149],"Thus,":[150],"posture":[151],"should":[154],"considered":[156],"SPs.":[159],"As":[160],"each":[161],"condition":[163],"affects":[164],"specific":[166],"variable,":[168],"holistic":[170],"approach":[171],"is":[172],"required":[173],"SP":[179,196],"users'":[180],"systems.":[182],"APPLICATION:":[183],"Results":[184],"can":[185],"applied":[187],"develop":[189],"guidelines":[190],"for":[191],"disorders/discomfort":[193],"prevention":[194],"users,":[197],"especially":[198],"rise":[201],"use":[204],"during":[205],"COVID-19":[207],"pandemic.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}