{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186310344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211034024","title":"Understanding Heart Rate Reactions to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Veterans: A Naturalistic Study","display_name":"Understanding Heart Rate Reactions to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Veterans: A Naturalistic Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186310344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211034024","mag":"3186310344","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34292055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208211034024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211034024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029597296","display_name":"Mahnoosh Sadeghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-4664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahnoosh Sadeghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005044797","display_name":"Farzan Sasangohar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-5470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farzan Sasangohar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-5470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033341503","display_name":"Anthony D. McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7827-8828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony D. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7827-8828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088496314","display_name":"Sudeep Hegde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-8459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeep Hegde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005044797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7342,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86046354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"1","first_page":"173","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.04830000177025795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.012299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.7718179225921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.5597796440124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-stress","display_name":"Traumatic stress","score":0.5057218074798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.487162321805954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.47948986291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalistic-observation","display_name":"Naturalistic observation","score":0.4135796129703522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.37756556272506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.3664168119430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2701973021030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.18651694059371948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.7718179225921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.5597796440124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778159538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16920843","display_name":"Traumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.5057218074798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.487162321805954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.47948986291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167699689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1521337","display_name":"Naturalistic observation","level":2,"score":0.4135796129703522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37756556272506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3664168119430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2701973021030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.18651694059371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014728","descriptor_name":"Veterans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014728","descriptor_name":"Veterans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014728","descriptor_name":"Veterans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208211034024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211034024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34292055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34292055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310164","display_name":"Texas A and M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122819883","https://openalex.org/W220663592","https://openalex.org/W1574447377","https://openalex.org/W1977994906","https://openalex.org/W1989031739","https://openalex.org/W1996818913","https://openalex.org/W1999129678","https://openalex.org/W2018561106","https://openalex.org/W2021237669","https://openalex.org/W2038720971","https://openalex.org/W2056665255","https://openalex.org/W2056786635","https://openalex.org/W2059262134","https://openalex.org/W2069508080","https://openalex.org/W2071602085","https://openalex.org/W2072036788","https://openalex.org/W2087102730","https://openalex.org/W2095364399","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2101166015","https://openalex.org/W2110366518","https://openalex.org/W2114100577","https://openalex.org/W2119976990","https://openalex.org/W2132647912","https://openalex.org/W2133466515","https://openalex.org/W2155062443","https://openalex.org/W2159984366","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2175170030","https://openalex.org/W2213195397","https://openalex.org/W2221831393","https://openalex.org/W2234710733","https://openalex.org/W2264507647","https://openalex.org/W2313953460","https://openalex.org/W2331104603","https://openalex.org/W2492294785","https://openalex.org/W2518201589","https://openalex.org/W2618095415","https://openalex.org/W2765733711","https://openalex.org/W2772435135","https://openalex.org/W2782668876","https://openalex.org/W2920971207","https://openalex.org/W2950364270","https://openalex.org/W2991368723","https://openalex.org/W3045399136","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4249468678","https://openalex.org/W4399638575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314914269","https://openalex.org/W112050585","https://openalex.org/W3082889039","https://openalex.org/W2946788172","https://openalex.org/W2889272531","https://openalex.org/W2739867511","https://openalex.org/W2954543930","https://openalex.org/W4241238650","https://openalex.org/W2108573048","https://openalex.org/W3044179424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"We":[1],"collected":[2],"naturalistic":[3],"heart":[4,23,43,49,77,110,199,203,225],"rate":[5,44,50,78,111,123,140,204,226],"data":[6,79,141],"from":[7],"veterans":[8,31,154],"diagnosed":[9],"with":[10,155,165,207],"post-traumatic":[11],"stress":[12],"disorder":[13],"(PTSD)":[14],"to":[15,72,145,242],"investigate":[16],"the":[17,33,53,180,244],"effects":[18],"of":[19,55,168,212,246],"various":[20],"factors":[21,189],"on":[22,96],"rate.":[24,200],"BACKGROUND:":[25],"PTSD":[26,41,56,89,127,208,231,247],"is":[27],"prevalent":[28],"among":[29],"combat":[30],"in":[32,68,210],"United":[34],"States.":[35],"While":[36],"a":[37,81,166],"positive":[38],"correlation":[39],"between":[40],"and":[42,70,75,98,119,194,215,228],"has":[45],"been":[46],"documented,":[47],"specific":[48],"profiles":[51],"during":[52,64,112,125,230],"onset":[54,245],"symptoms":[57,209],"remain":[58],"unknown.":[59],"METHOD:":[60],"Veterans":[61],"were":[62,94,130,142,218],"recruited":[63],"five":[65],"cycling":[66],"events":[67,129],"2017":[69],"2018":[71],"record":[73],"resting":[74,198],"activity-related":[76],"using":[80,132],"wrist-worn":[82],"device.":[83],"The":[84,185],"device":[85],"also":[86,143],"logged":[87],"self-reported":[88,126],"hyperarousal":[90,114,128,163,232],"events.":[91,233],"Regression":[92],"analyses":[93],"performed":[95],"demographic":[97,171],"behavioral":[99],"covariates":[100],"including":[101,190],"gender,":[102,193],"exercise,":[103],"antidepressants,":[104],"smoking":[105],"habits,":[106,108],"sleep":[107],"average":[109],"reported":[113,159],"events,":[115],"age,":[116],"glucocorticoids":[117],"consumption,":[118],"alcohol":[120],"consumption.":[121],"Heart":[122,139],"patterns":[124,205,227],"analyzed":[131],"Auto":[133],"Regressive":[134],"Integrated":[135],"Moving":[136],"Average":[137],"(ARIMA).":[138],"compared":[144],"an":[146],"open-access":[147],"non-PTSD":[148],"representative":[149],"case.":[150],"RESULTS:":[151],"Of":[152],"99":[153],"PTSD,":[156],"91":[157],"participants":[158,177],"at":[160],"least":[161],"one":[162],"event,":[164],"total":[167],"1023":[169],"events;":[170],"information":[172],"was":[173],"complete":[174],"for":[175,182,239],"38":[176],"who":[178],"formed":[179],"subset":[181],"regression":[183],"analyses.":[184],"results":[186],"show":[187,223,237],"that":[188],"smoking,":[191],"sleeping,":[192],"medication":[195],"significantly":[196],"affect":[197],"Moreover,":[201],"unique":[202],"associated":[206],"terms":[211],"stationarity,":[213],"autocorrelation,":[214],"fluctuation":[216],"characteristics":[217,229],"identified.":[219],"CONCLUSION:":[220],"Our":[221],"findings":[222,236],"distinguishable":[224],"APPLICATION:":[234],"These":[235],"promise":[238],"future":[240],"work":[241],"detect":[243],"symptoms.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}