{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153687126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211010941","title":"A Case for Raising the Camera: A Driving Simulator Test of Camera-Monitor Systems","display_name":"A Case for Raising the Camera: A Driving Simulator Test of Camera-Monitor Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153687126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211010941","mag":"3153687126","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33887966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208211010941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211010941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070827897","display_name":"Christoph Bernhard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7182-6825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Bernhard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7182-6825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063988150","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 Reinhard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-7963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019415892","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/019hjw009","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019415892","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9 Reinhard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer-Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, Germany","University of Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-7963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer-Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019415892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023142533","display_name":"Michael Kleer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019415892","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/019hjw009","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019415892","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kleer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer-Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer-Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019415892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030194871","display_name":"Heiko Hecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-862X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiko Hecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070827897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88000392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"2","first_page":"321","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.6589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.6589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.2062000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.024000000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.6318283677101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.5939492583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.48634010553359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4857666790485382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.45177146792411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42296311259269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41350144147872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36493295431137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3261794447898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.24661749601364136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.6318283677101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.5939492583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.48634010553359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4857666790485382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.45177146792411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42296311259269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41350144147872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36493295431137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3261794447898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24661749601364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208211010941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211010941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33887966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33887966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-635432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-635432.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer ITWM","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/267643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/267643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504376139","https://openalex.org/W1557124244","https://openalex.org/W1582765240","https://openalex.org/W1639840249","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1972946083","https://openalex.org/W1976185076","https://openalex.org/W1976633497","https://openalex.org/W1980156919","https://openalex.org/W1983005118","https://openalex.org/W1985931747","https://openalex.org/W1986631068","https://openalex.org/W1988576031","https://openalex.org/W2000756051","https://openalex.org/W2008121164","https://openalex.org/W2016151598","https://openalex.org/W2017104678","https://openalex.org/W2023091832","https://openalex.org/W2027855666","https://openalex.org/W2030684763","https://openalex.org/W2032456459","https://openalex.org/W2038528744","https://openalex.org/W2040275520","https://openalex.org/W2042365566","https://openalex.org/W2043448613","https://openalex.org/W2050625025","https://openalex.org/W2050767634","https://openalex.org/W2063502064","https://openalex.org/W2065214435","https://openalex.org/W2086656724","https://openalex.org/W2105208711","https://openalex.org/W2106580314","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2167318084","https://openalex.org/W2168306401","https://openalex.org/W2170131944","https://openalex.org/W2171656628","https://openalex.org/W2187089918","https://openalex.org/W2188701327","https://openalex.org/W2261835569","https://openalex.org/W2313316825","https://openalex.org/W2462779196","https://openalex.org/W2462978943","https://openalex.org/W2465134769","https://openalex.org/W2484263911","https://openalex.org/W2516382959","https://openalex.org/W2546217462","https://openalex.org/W2622397598","https://openalex.org/W2626894071","https://openalex.org/W2794740256","https://openalex.org/W2794885377","https://openalex.org/W2802684896","https://openalex.org/W2884932678","https://openalex.org/W2889337017","https://openalex.org/W2964846071","https://openalex.org/W2988838038","https://openalex.org/W3000023325","https://openalex.org/W3006437064","https://openalex.org/W4237069736","https://openalex.org/W4238327703","https://openalex.org/W4242807059","https://openalex.org/W4254151678","https://openalex.org/W4256258899"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2258033839","https://openalex.org/W4297884099","https://openalex.org/W3203668668","https://openalex.org/W3009214786","https://openalex.org/W3214769583","https://openalex.org/W151637459","https://openalex.org/W2116812645","https://openalex.org/W1980239608","https://openalex.org/W2395327451","https://openalex.org/W2113168155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"This":[1],"experiment":[2],"provides":[3],"a":[4,60,79,103,125,129],"first-of-its-kind":[5],"driving-simulator":[6],"study":[7],"to":[8,52,155,161,181,226],"investigate":[9],"the":[10,24,30,38,69,85,114,119,136,164,171,174,205],"feasibility":[11],"of":[12,27,32,40,87,113,173,207,229],"camera-monitor":[13],"systems":[14],"(CMS)":[15],"with":[16,36,50],"displaced":[17],"side-mounted":[18,33,41,220],"cameras":[19,42,221],"in":[20,59,102,147,184],"sedans.":[21],"BACKGROUND:":[22],"Among":[23],"increasing":[25],"number":[26],"studies":[28],"investigating":[29],"replacement":[31],"rearview":[34],"mirrors":[35],"CMS,":[37,193],"placement":[39,54,90],"has":[43,66],"been":[44,57],"largely":[45],"neglected.":[46],"Moreover,":[47],"user":[48],"preferences":[49,202],"respect":[51],"camera":[53,71,89,108,166,175,232],"have":[55],"not":[56,235,245],"validated":[58],"driving":[61,80,178],"simulator.":[62],"Past":[63],"research":[64],"merely":[65],"shown":[67],"that":[68],"vertical":[70],"position":[72,176],"can":[73],"affect":[74],"distance":[75],"perception.":[76],"METHOD:":[77],"In":[78],"simulator":[81],"experiment,":[82],"we":[83],"investigated":[84],"effects":[86],"rearward":[88,131],"on":[91,177,214],"driver":[92,186],"acceptance":[93,228],"and":[94,111,157,209,243],"performance.":[95,150],"Thirty-six":[96],"participants":[97,134],"performed":[98],"multiple":[99],"lane":[100,148],"changes":[101],"last":[104],"safe-gap":[105],"paradigm.":[106],"The":[107,122],"position,":[109],"ego-velocity,":[110],"velocity":[112],"approaching":[115],"vehicle":[116],"varied":[117],"across":[118],"experiment.":[120],"RESULTS:":[121],"results":[123],"suggest":[124],"clear":[126],"preference":[127],"for":[128,163],"high":[130,223],"perspective,":[132],"whereas":[133],"disliked":[135],"lower":[137],"viewpoint.":[138],"However,":[139],"these":[140,201],"stark":[141],"differences":[142],"were":[143],"only":[144],"marginally":[145],"mirrored":[146],"change":[149],"Average":[151],"safety":[152,241],"margins":[153,242],"tended":[154,160],"decrease":[156,240],"their":[158,211],"variation":[159],"increase":[162,227],"low":[165],"position.":[167],"CONCLUSION:":[168],"Even":[169],"if":[170],"impact":[172,213],"behavior":[179],"seems":[180],"be":[182,196],"small":[183],"sedans,":[185],"expectations":[187],"show":[188],"clear-cut":[189],"preferences.":[190],"When":[191],"designing":[192],"this":[194],"should":[195,218],"taken":[197],"into":[198],"account,":[199],"as":[200,222,224,237],"could":[203],"promote":[204],"use":[206],"CMS":[208],"thus":[210],"positive":[212],"safety.":[215],"APPLICATION:":[216],"Designers":[217],"place":[219],"possible":[225],"CMS.":[230],"Low":[231],"positions":[233],"are":[234,244],"recommended,":[236],"they":[238],"might":[239],"appreciated":[246],"by":[247],"drivers.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}