{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153348909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211004288","title":"What I Say Means What I Do: Risk Concerns and Mobile Application-Selection Behaviors","display_name":"What I Say Means What I Do: Risk Concerns and Mobile Application-Selection Behaviors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153348909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211004288","mag":"3153348909","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33861174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208211004288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211004288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394951","display_name":"Jing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-0375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-0375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043437180","display_name":"Huangyi Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huangyi Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101471208","display_name":"Ninghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-9717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ninghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088760121","display_name":"Robert W. Proctor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-8352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Proctor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-8352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100394951"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6430437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"8","first_page":"1331","last_page":"1350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.16269999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.16269999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.1574999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.06669999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.688457190990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6077393293380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5904992818832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.477298378944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45693010091781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-apps","display_name":"Mobile apps","score":0.4195083677768707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.40292131900787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.40183955430984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.38201647996902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3535310626029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17314574122428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14942538738250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1136484146118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.688457190990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6077393293380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5904992818832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.477298378944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45693010091781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988145974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Mobile apps","level":2,"score":0.4195083677768707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.40292131900787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.40183955430984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38201647996902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3535310626029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17314574122428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14942538738250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1136484146118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208211004288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211004288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33861174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33861174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1769273414","display_name":"TWC SBE: Medium: Collaborative: User-Centric Risk Communication and Control on Mobile Devices","funder_award_id":"1314688","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76789258","https://openalex.org/W89339267","https://openalex.org/W399511836","https://openalex.org/W831763698","https://openalex.org/W1553243659","https://openalex.org/W1582429767","https://openalex.org/W1876581913","https://openalex.org/W1965953307","https://openalex.org/W1967317786","https://openalex.org/W1981018178","https://openalex.org/W1991246983","https://openalex.org/W2002787959","https://openalex.org/W2003749180","https://openalex.org/W2009351403","https://openalex.org/W2017614413","https://openalex.org/W2023344535","https://openalex.org/W2030988365","https://openalex.org/W2035902002","https://openalex.org/W2050506113","https://openalex.org/W2058797269","https://openalex.org/W2080453063","https://openalex.org/W2080990241","https://openalex.org/W2084519571","https://openalex.org/W2099222119","https://openalex.org/W2100767128","https://openalex.org/W2120591522","https://openalex.org/W2139072733","https://openalex.org/W2169749969","https://openalex.org/W2207884471","https://openalex.org/W2267052824","https://openalex.org/W2313372168","https://openalex.org/W2405557224","https://openalex.org/W2471008588","https://openalex.org/W2476571672","https://openalex.org/W2486485493","https://openalex.org/W2514259669","https://openalex.org/W2609588687","https://openalex.org/W2775991028","https://openalex.org/W2791923027","https://openalex.org/W2809218063","https://openalex.org/W2810242294","https://openalex.org/W2826749337","https://openalex.org/W2859027636","https://openalex.org/W2865704549","https://openalex.org/W3122710626","https://openalex.org/W3124799491","https://openalex.org/W3126007474","https://openalex.org/W4237513721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2787993192","https://openalex.org/W4205762803","https://openalex.org/W2535856026","https://openalex.org/W2158269427","https://openalex.org/W4381280689","https://openalex.org/W3033859939","https://openalex.org/W2265065644","https://openalex.org/W2847365777","https://openalex.org/W2890710341","https://openalex.org/W2389015757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,120,132],"goal":[2],"of":[3,76,106,115,145,186,189,240],"this":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,80,135],"to":[7,46,51,111],"examine":[8],"the":[9,34,48,60,74,86,102,116,125,139,143,146,163,168,180,184,190,218],"relation":[10,61],"between":[11,62],"users'":[12,49,63,113],"reported":[13],"risk":[14,78,117,151,191,195,211,232],"concerns":[15,66,79,152,196,212,233],"and":[16,39,67,104,109,159,175,202],"their":[17,68],"choice":[18],"behaviors":[19,170],"in":[20,37],"a":[21,82],"mobile":[22,242],"application":[23],"(app)":[24],"selection":[25,236],"task.":[26],"BACKGROUND:":[27],"Human":[28],"users":[29],"are":[30],"typically":[31],"regarded":[32],"as":[33],"weakest":[35],"link":[36],"cybersecurity":[38],"privacy":[40,65],"protection;":[41],"however,":[42],"it":[43,92,97],"is":[44],"possible":[45],"leverage":[47],"predilections":[50],"increase":[52],"security.":[53],"There":[54],"have":[55],"been":[56],"mixed":[57],"results":[58],"on":[59],"self-reported":[64,77,210],"behaviors.":[69,224],"METHOD:":[70],"In":[71],"three":[72],"experiments,":[73],"timing":[75],"either":[81],"few":[83],"weeks":[84],"before":[85,91,179,215],"app-selection":[87,126,169,219,223],"task":[88,220],"(pre-screen),":[89],"immediately":[90,95,214],"(pre-task),":[93],"or":[94,216],"after":[96,217],"(post-task).":[98],"We":[99,226],"also":[100],"varied":[101],"availability":[103],"placement":[105],"clear":[107,187,208],"definitions":[108,174],"quizzes":[110,176],"ensure":[112],"understanding":[114,188],"categories.":[118,192],"RESULTS:":[119],"post-task":[121],"report":[122,134,165],"significantly":[123,221],"predicted":[124,167,222],"behaviors,":[127],"consistent":[128],"with":[129,138,207],"prior":[130],"findings.":[131],"pre-screen":[133],"largely":[136],"inconsistent":[137],"reports":[140],"implemented":[141],"around":[142],"time":[144,158,201],"task,":[147],"indicating":[148,183],"that":[149,237],"participants'":[150],"may":[153,197],"not":[154],"be":[155,198],"stable":[156],"over":[157,200],"across":[160,203],"contexts.":[161,204],"Moreover,":[162],"pre-task":[164,181],"strongly":[166],"only":[171],"when":[172],"elaborated":[173],"were":[177],"placed":[178],"question,":[182],"importance":[185],"CONCLUSION:":[193],"Self-reported":[194],"unstable":[199],"When":[205],"explained":[206],"definitions,":[209],"obtained":[213],"APPLICATION:":[225],"discuss":[227],"implications":[228],"for":[229],"including":[230],"personalized":[231],"during":[234],"app":[235],"enable":[238],"comparison":[239],"alternative":[241],"apps.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}