{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109397145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720820970751","title":"External Human\u2013Machine Interfaces Can Be Misleading: An Examination of Trust Development and Misuse in a CAVE-Based Pedestrian Simulation Environment","display_name":"External Human\u2013Machine Interfaces Can Be Misleading: An Examination of Trust Development and Misuse in a CAVE-Based Pedestrian Simulation Environment","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109397145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720820970751","mag":"3109397145","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33242999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720820970751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720820970751","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0018720820970751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0018720820970751","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067275063","display_name":"Anees Ahamed Kaleefathullah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["GB","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anees Ahamed Kaleefathullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands","University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059540023","display_name":"Natasha Merat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-9948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Merat","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076251162","display_name":"Yee Mun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-4191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yee Mun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066396280","display_name":"Yke Bauke Eisma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3437-2761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yke Bauke Eisma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078075851","display_name":"Ruth Madigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-8012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Madigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103867708","display_name":"Jorge Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037003206","display_name":"Joost de Winter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-8200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joost de Winter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-8200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037003206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.8163,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9890661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"6","first_page":"1070","last_page":"1085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.6829521059989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.6352208852767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5100136995315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.3976227045059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.38764187693595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34629493951797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33423519134521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.329373836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23886477947235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.14547041058540344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.6829521059989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.6352208852767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5100136995315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3976227045059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38764187693595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34629493951797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33423519134521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.329373836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23886477947235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.14547041058540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069636","descriptor_name":"Pedestrians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069636","descriptor_name":"Pedestrians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069636","descriptor_name":"Pedestrians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720820970751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720820970751","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0018720820970751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33242999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33242999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:166213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:9c8fd086-5fb3-4910-908b-4dfedaa060fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9c8fd086-5fb3-4910-908b-4dfedaa060fe","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9c8fd086-5fb3-4910-908b-4dfedaa060fe","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: the journal of the human factors and ergonomics society, 64(6)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9421345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9421345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hum Factors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720820970751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720820970751","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0018720820970751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4486397745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R008833/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5505800490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant agreement No. 723395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6490683678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"016.Vidi.178.047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334893","funder_display_name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334893","display_name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen","ror":"https://ror.org/057tq3593"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109397145.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W1989961897","https://openalex.org/W2007567868","https://openalex.org/W2023297379","https://openalex.org/W2063052894","https://openalex.org/W2081011876","https://openalex.org/W2101876245","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2542192499","https://openalex.org/W2551641937","https://openalex.org/W2606385607","https://openalex.org/W2756874185","https://openalex.org/W2810931617","https://openalex.org/W2885381360","https://openalex.org/W2885800163","https://openalex.org/W2890784199","https://openalex.org/W2901419506","https://openalex.org/W2922896969","https://openalex.org/W2956545057","https://openalex.org/W2964488471","https://openalex.org/W2969741293","https://openalex.org/W2973648487","https://openalex.org/W2973769932","https://openalex.org/W2974679499","https://openalex.org/W2989183161","https://openalex.org/W2993531843","https://openalex.org/W2998554369","https://openalex.org/W2999042988","https://openalex.org/W3001293072","https://openalex.org/W3012519286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W4205958986","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W2586575957","https://openalex.org/W2170799233","https://openalex.org/W2378391535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"investigate":[2],"pedestrians'":[3],"misuse":[4,39,49],"of":[5,26,50,77,142,187,249],"an":[6,12],"automated":[7],"vehicle":[8,117],"(AV)":[9],"equipped":[10],"with":[11,156],"external":[13],"human-machine":[14],"interface":[15],"(eHMI).":[16],"Misuse":[17],"occurs":[18],"when":[19,200],"a":[20,41,61],"pedestrian":[21],"enters":[22],"the":[23,29,78,116,127,132,140,144,161,167,171,188,191,198,201,205,215,234,239],"road":[24,145,199],"because":[25],"uncritically":[27],"following":[28],"eHMI's":[30],"message.":[31],"BACKGROUND:":[32],"Human":[33],"factors":[34],"research":[35],"indicates":[36],"that":[37,220],"automation":[38],"is":[40,45,252],"concern.":[42],"However,":[43],"there":[44,209],"no":[46,89,211],"consensus":[47],"regarding":[48],"eHMIs.":[51],"METHODS:":[52],"Sixty":[53],"participants":[54,189],"each":[55],"experienced":[56],"50":[57],"crossing":[58],"trials":[59,123],"in":[60,190],"Cave":[62],"Automatic":[63],"Virtual":[64],"Environment":[65],"(CAVE)":[66],"simulator.":[67],"The":[68],"three":[69],"independent":[70],"variables":[71],"were":[72,124,139,210],"as":[73],"follows:":[74],"(1)":[75],"behavior":[76],"approaching":[79],"AV":[80,133],"(within-subject:":[81,94],"yielding":[82],"at":[83],"33":[84],"or":[85,112],"43":[86],"m":[87],"distance,":[88],"yielding),":[90],"(2)":[91],"eHMI":[92,95,102,106,128,157,202,235,243,250],"presence":[93],"on":[96,108,233,238],"upon":[97],"yielding,":[98],"off),":[99],"and":[100,146,150,160,182,193,236,247],"(3)":[101],"onset":[103],"timing":[104],"(between-subjects:":[105],"turned":[107,129],"1":[109,113],"s":[110,114],"before":[111],"after":[115],"started":[118],"to":[119,177,231],"decelerate).":[120],"Two":[121],"failure":[122,172],"included":[125],"where":[126],"on,":[130],"yet":[131],"did":[134],"not":[135],"yield.":[136],"Dependent":[137],"measures":[138],"moment":[141],"entering":[143],"perceived":[147,174],"risk,":[148],"comprehension,":[149],"trust.":[151],"RESULTS:":[152],"Trust":[153],"was":[154],"higher":[155],"than":[158,166],"without,":[159],"-1":[162,192],"Group":[163],"crossed":[164],"earlier":[165],"+1":[168,194],"Group.":[169],"In":[170],"trials,":[173],"risk":[175],"increased":[176],"high":[178],"levels,":[179],"whereas":[180],"trust":[181],"comprehension":[183],"decreased.":[184],"Thirty-five":[185],"percent":[186],"Groups":[195],"walked":[196],"onto":[197],"failed":[203],"for":[204],"first":[206],"time,":[207],"but":[208],"significant":[212],"differences":[213],"between":[214],"two":[216],"groups.":[217],"CONCLUSION:":[218],"eHMIs":[219,227],"provide":[221],"anticipatory":[222],"information":[223],"stimulate":[224],"early":[225],"crossing.":[226],"may":[228],"cause":[229],"people":[230],"over-rely":[232],"under-rely":[237],"vehicle-intrinsic":[240],"cues.":[241],"APPLICATION:":[242],"have":[244],"adverse":[245],"consequences,":[246],"education":[248],"capability":[251],"required.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
