{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980063141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819879311","title":"Toward a Better Understanding of In-Vehicle Auditory Warnings and Background Noise","display_name":"Toward a Better Understanding of In-Vehicle Auditory Warnings and Background Noise","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980063141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819879311","mag":"2980063141","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31593500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720819879311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819879311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036541567","display_name":"Edin \u0160abi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-9963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edin \u0160abi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-9963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394951","display_name":"Jing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-0375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112887585","display_name":"Justin A. MacDonald","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin A. MacDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036541567"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88728196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"2","first_page":"312","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.742900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.742900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.2053000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quiet","display_name":"QUIET","score":0.9187015295028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7793967723846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-noise","display_name":"Background noise","score":0.6710172295570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5182547569274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5093053579330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.46793076395988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-scene-analysis","display_name":"Auditory scene analysis","score":0.44422852993011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.43400442600250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-perception","display_name":"Auditory perception","score":0.4158203601837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3995622396469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.3984432518482208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.3303760290145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11424636840820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09678623080253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0921049416065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0857008695602417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777185736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265603","display_name":"QUIET","level":2,"score":0.9187015295028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7793967723846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.6710172295570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5182547569274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5093053579330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46793076395988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38129911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4820038","display_name":"Auditory scene analysis","level":3,"score":0.44422852993011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.43400442600250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160289","display_name":"Auditory perception","level":3,"score":0.4158203601837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3995622396469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3984432518482208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3303760290145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11424636840820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09678623080253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0921049416065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0857008695602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009146","descriptor_name":"Music","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009146","descriptor_name":"Music","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009146","descriptor_name":"Music","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720819879311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819879311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31593500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31593500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3897715198","display_name":"CRII: CHS: Human in the Loop: Safety for Semi-autonomous Driving Systems in Emergency Situations","funder_award_id":"1566173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G543359014","display_name":"CRII: CHS: Human in the Loop: Safety for Semi-autonomous Driving Systems in Emergency Situations","funder_award_id":"1760347","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497286318","https://openalex.org/W1970389094","https://openalex.org/W1975293845","https://openalex.org/W2016834107","https://openalex.org/W2027753150","https://openalex.org/W2029604321","https://openalex.org/W2043143027","https://openalex.org/W2045128528","https://openalex.org/W2059075385","https://openalex.org/W2061023211","https://openalex.org/W2073696554","https://openalex.org/W2080124005","https://openalex.org/W2085238083","https://openalex.org/W2089781555","https://openalex.org/W2114126971","https://openalex.org/W2114181294","https://openalex.org/W2115187411","https://openalex.org/W2129488573","https://openalex.org/W2137526265","https://openalex.org/W2143798991","https://openalex.org/W2153692424","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2169920658","https://openalex.org/W2233948322","https://openalex.org/W2334651604","https://openalex.org/W2335433293","https://openalex.org/W2516087951","https://openalex.org/W2551005744","https://openalex.org/W2610795342","https://openalex.org/W2615876895","https://openalex.org/W2621231483","https://openalex.org/W2760137481","https://openalex.org/W2884391537","https://openalex.org/W4213208116","https://openalex.org/W4285283809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011638033","https://openalex.org/W2015574505","https://openalex.org/W1539684593","https://openalex.org/W2362704157","https://openalex.org/W2622713550","https://openalex.org/W2000677804","https://openalex.org/W2056708858","https://openalex.org/W2076931986","https://openalex.org/W2004648780","https://openalex.org/W3037680805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1],"effectiveness":[2,81,164,202],"of":[3,6,29,37,52,58,82,93,111,118,165,182,214],"three":[4,83,184],"types":[5,28,92],"in-vehicle":[7],"warnings":[8,30,68,85,131,157,169,226],"was":[9,148],"assessed":[10],"in":[11,31,43,132,138,233],"a":[12,99,200],"driving":[13,101],"simulator":[14],"across":[15,171],"different":[16,27,91],"noise":[17,95,114,141,193],"conditions.":[18],"BACKGROUND:":[19],"Although":[20],"there":[21],"has":[22,69],"been":[23,41,71],"much":[24],"research":[25,209,219],"comparing":[26],"auditory":[32,60,84,88,119,166,176,231],"displays":[33],"and":[34,115,125,203],"interfaces,":[35],"many":[36],"these":[38],"investigations":[39],"have":[40,195],"conducted":[42,77],"quiet":[44,134],"laboratory":[45],"environments":[46],"with":[47,90,158],"little":[48],"to":[49,78,223],"no":[50,144],"consideration":[51],"background":[53,94,113,160,172,192,215],"noise.":[54,216],"Furthermore,":[55],"the":[56,80,109,112,116,139,163,179,183,205,212,229],"suitability":[57],"some":[59],"warning":[61,120,122,185],"types,":[62],"such":[63,136],"as":[64,66,137,168],"spearcons,":[65],"car":[67],"not":[70,153],"investigated.":[72],"METHOD:":[73],"Two":[74],"experiments":[75],"were":[76,152,178],"assess":[79],"(spearcons,":[86],"text-to-speech,":[87],"icons)":[89],"while":[96],"participants":[97],"performed":[98],"simulated":[100],"task.":[102],"RESULTS:":[103],"Our":[104,188],"results":[105,189],"showed":[106],"that":[107,191],"both":[108],"nature":[110],"type":[117],"influenced":[121],"recognition":[123],"accuracy":[124],"reaction":[126],"time.":[127],"Spearcons":[128],"outperformed":[129],"text-to-speech":[130,156],"relatively":[133],"environments,":[135],"baseline":[140],"condition":[142],"where":[143],"music":[145],"or":[146],"talk-radio":[147],"played.":[149],"However,":[150],"spearcons":[151],"better":[154,224],"than":[155],"other":[159],"noises.":[161],"Similarly,":[162],"icons":[167,177],"fluctuated":[170],"noise,":[173],"but,":[174],"overall,":[175],"least":[180],"efficient":[181],"types.":[186],"CONCLUSION:":[187],"supported":[190],"can":[194,220],"an":[196],"idiosyncratic":[197],"effect":[198],"on":[199,228],"warning's":[201],"illuminated":[204],"need":[206],"for":[207],"future":[208],"into":[210],"ameliorating":[211],"effects":[213],"APPLICATION:":[217],"This":[218],"be":[221,237],"applied":[222],"present":[225],"based":[227],"anticipated":[230],"environment":[232],"which":[234],"they":[235],"will":[236],"communicated.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}