{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969793244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819869099","title":"Attentional Demand as a Function of Contextual Factors in Different Traffic Scenarios","display_name":"Attentional Demand as a Function of Contextual Factors in Different Traffic Scenarios","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969793244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819869099","mag":"2969793244","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31424969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720819869099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819869099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102732151","display_name":"Zhuofan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-6883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuofan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an University of Posts & Telecommunications, China","Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-6883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts & Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033024496","display_name":"Christer Ahlstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4134-0303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161337","display_name":"Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04zmmpw58","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161337"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christer Ahlstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4134-0303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022030471","display_name":"\u00c5sa Forsman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4680-4795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161337","display_name":"Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04zmmpw58","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161337"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c5sa Forsman","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4680-4795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072797110","display_name":"Katja Kircher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161337","display_name":"Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04zmmpw58","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161337"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katja Kircher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-9722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102732151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8004,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76753725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"7","first_page":"1171","last_page":"1189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.7894999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.7894999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.06499999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12315","display_name":"Older Adults Driving Studies","score":0.06080000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7882469892501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spare-part","display_name":"Spare part","score":0.716563880443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.6029961705207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.5016798973083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.45482686161994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration","display_name":"Duration (music)","score":0.4526578485965729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.42417415976524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4240870475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.4158826470375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.34421026706695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.2943524122238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18715140223503113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17510995268821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.09801089763641357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7882469892501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194648553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364774","display_name":"Spare part","level":2,"score":0.716563880443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.6029961705207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.5016798973083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.45482686161994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.4526578485965729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.42417415976524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4240870475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.4158826470375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.34421026706695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2943524122238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18715140223503113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17510995268821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09801089763641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720819869099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819869099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31424969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31424969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2548972503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011-03994","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122910933","https://openalex.org/W151660392","https://openalex.org/W642287191","https://openalex.org/W837068163","https://openalex.org/W1964863835","https://openalex.org/W1971660807","https://openalex.org/W1980250221","https://openalex.org/W1985101153","https://openalex.org/W1987154748","https://openalex.org/W1988526419","https://openalex.org/W2003025525","https://openalex.org/W2003540033","https://openalex.org/W2017986624","https://openalex.org/W2022919613","https://openalex.org/W2031447035","https://openalex.org/W2032152873","https://openalex.org/W2042305949","https://openalex.org/W2050064812","https://openalex.org/W2072249119","https://openalex.org/W2075577563","https://openalex.org/W2088223830","https://openalex.org/W2091019327","https://openalex.org/W2092175281","https://openalex.org/W2094757861","https://openalex.org/W2109263102","https://openalex.org/W2117103318","https://openalex.org/W2118101423","https://openalex.org/W2127693141","https://openalex.org/W2143318894","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2151226872","https://openalex.org/W2153619684","https://openalex.org/W2158778106","https://openalex.org/W2276630403","https://openalex.org/W2335605938","https://openalex.org/W2498119267","https://openalex.org/W2530791092","https://openalex.org/W2533853048","https://openalex.org/W2560229246","https://openalex.org/W2566076267","https://openalex.org/W2584499221","https://openalex.org/W2586221547","https://openalex.org/W2602499164","https://openalex.org/W2604446337","https://openalex.org/W2741528495","https://openalex.org/W2790654917","https://openalex.org/W4295698842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953205341","https://openalex.org/W2376859990","https://openalex.org/W2912704652","https://openalex.org/W235065745","https://openalex.org/W2029935773","https://openalex.org/W2787754950","https://openalex.org/W1572215850","https://openalex.org/W1985775355","https://openalex.org/W2381161177","https://openalex.org/W282528669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"the":[3,17,21,27,81,89,119,126,132,136,146,150,157,161,170,200,206],"attentional":[4,14,28],"demand":[5,15],"of":[6,191,199,202],"different":[7],"contextual":[8],"factors":[9],"in":[10,49,53,193,205],"driving.":[11,195],"BACKGROUND:":[12],"The":[13],"on":[16,78,145,169],"driver":[18,82],"varies":[19],"with":[20,62,123,222],"situation.":[22],"One":[23],"approach":[24],"for":[25,88,180],"estimating":[26],"demand,":[29],"via":[30],"spare":[31,203],"capacity,":[32],"is":[33,167,178],"to":[34,99,138,189,216],"use":[35],"visual":[36],"occlusion.":[37],"METHOD:":[38],"Using":[39],"a":[40,50,76,79,142],"3":[41],"\u00d7":[42],"5":[43],"within-subjects":[44],"design,":[45,185],"33":[46],"participants":[47],"drove":[48],"fixed-base":[51],"simulator":[52],"three":[54],"scenarios":[55],"(i.e.,":[56],"urban,":[57],"rural,":[58],"and":[59,71,154,174,186,219],"motorway),":[60],"combined":[61],"five":[63],"fixed":[64],"occlusion":[65,120,152,159],"durations":[66],"(1.0,":[67],"1.4,":[68],"1.8,":[69],"2.2,":[70],"2.6":[72],"s).":[73],"By":[74],"pressing":[75],"microswitch":[77],"finger,":[80],"initiated":[83],"each":[84,94],"occlusion,":[85],"which":[86],"lasted":[87],"same":[90],"predetermined":[91],"duration":[92,153],"within":[93],"trial.":[95],"Drivers":[96],"were":[97,160],"instructed":[98],"occlude":[100],"their":[101],"vision":[102],"as":[103,105],"often":[104],"possible":[106],"while":[107],"still":[108],"driving":[109],"safely.":[110],"RESULTS:":[111],"Stepwise":[112],"logistic":[113],"regression":[114],"per":[115],"scenario":[116],"indicated":[117],"that":[118],"predictors":[121],"varied":[122],"scenario.":[124],"In":[125],"urban":[127],"environment,":[128],"infrastructure-related":[129],"variables":[130],"had":[131],"biggest":[133],"influence,":[134],"whereas":[135],"distance":[137],"oncoming":[139],"traffic":[140],"played":[141],"major":[143],"role":[144],"rural":[147],"road.":[148],"On":[149],"motorway,":[151],"time":[155],"since":[156],"last":[158],"main":[162],"determinants.":[163],"CONCLUSION:":[164],"Spare":[165],"capacity":[166,204],"dependent":[168],"scenario,":[171],"selected":[172],"speed,":[173],"individual":[175],"factors.":[176],"This":[177],"important":[179],"developing":[181],"workload":[182,212],"managers,":[183,213],"infrastructural":[184],"aspects":[187],"related":[188],"transfer":[190],"control":[192],"automated":[194],"APPLICATION:":[196],"Better":[197],"knowledge":[198],"determinants":[201],"road":[207],"environment":[208],"can":[209],"help":[210],"improve":[211],"thereby":[214],"contributing":[215],"more":[217],"efficient":[218],"safer":[220],"interaction":[221],"additional":[223],"tasks.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-02T06:04:40.494371","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
