{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2784830018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817748145","title":"Does Talking on a Cell Phone, With a Passenger, or Dialing Affect Driving Performance? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies","display_name":"Does Talking on a Cell Phone, With a Passenger, or Dialing Affect Driving Performance? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2784830018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817748145","mag":"2784830018","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720817748145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817748145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110473547","display_name":"Jeff K. Caird","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeff K. Caird","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034828247","display_name":"Sarah M. Simmons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7705-0271"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah M. Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003556390","display_name":"Katelyn Wiley","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katelyn Wiley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070662395","display_name":"Kate A. Johnston","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kate A. Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060729014","display_name":"William J. Horrey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-4411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311457128","display_name":"AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/017trqn73","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311457128"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William J. Horrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington, DC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311457128"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110473547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.7892,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":179,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99737106,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"1","first_page":"101","last_page":"133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.8273274898529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.6851518154144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.5254261493682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41131407022476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.28020036220550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15362554788589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.12316888570785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.05109161138534546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.8273274898529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.6851518154144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5254261493682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41131407022476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28020036220550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15362554788589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.12316888570785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.05109161138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720817748145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817748145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29351023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315646","display_name":"Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/050m4q971"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338081","display_name":"AUTO21 Network of Centres of Excellence","ror":"https://ror.org/02edexj13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":158,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107233025","https://openalex.org/W113467921","https://openalex.org/W193583302","https://openalex.org/W211325057","https://openalex.org/W574043080","https://openalex.org/W616755822","https://openalex.org/W933873777","https://openalex.org/W1505142964","https://openalex.org/W1511920456","https://openalex.org/W1542794884","https://openalex.org/W1546534217","https://openalex.org/W1591342837","https://openalex.org/W1870939480","https://openalex.org/W1897139626","https://openalex.org/W1931341482","https://openalex.org/W1946140698","https://openalex.org/W1963490115","https://openalex.org/W1963892017","https://openalex.org/W1965116150","https://openalex.org/W1966278331","https://openalex.org/W1966556656","https://openalex.org/W1967289705","https://openalex.org/W1968117473","https://openalex.org/W1969480597","https://openalex.org/W1970217477","https://openalex.org/W1972861995","https://openalex.org/W1973030548","https://openalex.org/W1973058383","https://openalex.org/W1976789127","https://openalex.org/W1982311319","https://openalex.org/W1982592549","https://openalex.org/W1983222358","https://openalex.org/W1983561474","https://openalex.org/W1985757759","https://openalex.org/W1986130086","https://openalex.org/W1988170455","https://openalex.org/W1993433825","https://openalex.org/W1994014424","https://openalex.org/W1996942515","https://openalex.org/W2000789361","https://openalex.org/W2003540033","https://openalex.org/W2003873589","https://openalex.org/W2007354161","https://openalex.org/W2008927110","https://openalex.org/W2011180866","https://openalex.org/W2011635588","https://openalex.org/W2014484811","https://openalex.org/W2014725143","https://openalex.org/W2016480297","https://openalex.org/W2016898721","https://openalex.org/W2018027667","https://openalex.org/W2018292842","https://openalex.org/W2020403136","https://openalex.org/W2022318672","https://openalex.org/W2023834570","https://openalex.org/W2026579608","https://openalex.org/W2027649907","https://openalex.org/W2027858690","https://openalex.org/W2030397187","https://openalex.org/W2030825766","https://openalex.org/W2031447035","https://openalex.org/W2035003741","https://openalex.org/W2039586933","https://openalex.org/W2040043758","https://openalex.org/W2040855262","https://openalex.org/W2040904684","https://openalex.org/W2042105688","https://openalex.org/W2044016679","https://openalex.org/W2047001808","https://openalex.org/W2048121486","https://openalex.org/W2050547593","https://openalex.org/W2050733302","https://openalex.org/W2051388242","https://openalex.org/W2052011911","https://openalex.org/W2057400644","https://openalex.org/W2059782582","https://openalex.org/W2063558521","https://openalex.org/W2064325596","https://openalex.org/W2065277081","https://openalex.org/W2065581752","https://openalex.org/W2075606589","https://openalex.org/W2078949139","https://openalex.org/W2082525477","https://openalex.org/W2083375283","https://openalex.org/W2084130764","https://openalex.org/W2084938686","https://openalex.org/W2087189004","https://openalex.org/W2092228525","https://openalex.org/W2094279847","https://openalex.org/W2094520114","https://openalex.org/W2094747864","https://openalex.org/W2094905301","https://openalex.org/W2095623039","https://openalex.org/W2096743305","https://openalex.org/W2098772869","https://openalex.org/W2102836856","https://openalex.org/W2104377482","https://openalex.org/W2105549321","https://openalex.org/W2105821991","https://openalex.org/W2108335859","https://openalex.org/W2109488581","https://openalex.org/W2111587852","https://openalex.org/W2113967947","https://openalex.org/W2115663493","https://openalex.org/W2122091618","https://openalex.org/W2123386666","https://openalex.org/W2123677674","https://openalex.org/W2124469696","https://openalex.org/W2125898717","https://openalex.org/W2129163850","https://openalex.org/W2130327618","https://openalex.org/W2130403129","https://openalex.org/W2131697210","https://openalex.org/W2135235440","https://openalex.org/W2135320558","https://openalex.org/W2136039522","https://openalex.org/W2137070227","https://openalex.org/W2138905280","https://openalex.org/W2139461685","https://openalex.org/W2140615029","https://openalex.org/W2140856490","https://openalex.org/W2143318894","https://openalex.org/W2143798991","https://openalex.org/W2144981148","https://openalex.org/W2146019564","https://openalex.org/W2146148835","https://openalex.org/W2146794819","https://openalex.org/W2147449244","https://openalex.org/W2151227774","https://openalex.org/W2151642373","https://openalex.org/W2152743589","https://openalex.org/W2155147095","https://openalex.org/W2156098321","https://openalex.org/W2159183586","https://openalex.org/W2164553116","https://openalex.org/W2169024551","https://openalex.org/W2184039131","https://openalex.org/W2186851868","https://openalex.org/W2188732984","https://openalex.org/W2198415016","https://openalex.org/W2284188655","https://openalex.org/W2290831829","https://openalex.org/W2326202155","https://openalex.org/W2331882224","https://openalex.org/W2489347314","https://openalex.org/W2534899703","https://openalex.org/W2535695336","https://openalex.org/W2543680447","https://openalex.org/W2575061595","https://openalex.org/W2578941397","https://openalex.org/W2617620094","https://openalex.org/W2914465407","https://openalex.org/W2977721183","https://openalex.org/W4237840345","https://openalex.org/W4242428206","https://openalex.org/W4255786857","https://openalex.org/W4297918764","https://openalex.org/W4410095112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2560936962","https://openalex.org/W2788727012","https://openalex.org/W4388203630","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2526386912","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],"An":[1],"up-to-date":[2],"meta-analysis":[3,191],"of":[4,31,56,67,74,176,220],"experimental":[5],"research":[6],"on":[7,38,60,98,148,208],"talking":[8],"and":[9,18,25,34,70,92,100,106,122,168,196,237],"driving":[10,39,61,162,181],"is":[11],"needed":[12],"to":[13,42,137,232],"provide":[14],"a":[15,44,65,149,173,209],"comprehensive,":[16],"empirical,":[17],"credible":[19],"basis":[20],"for":[21,163,186],"policy,":[22,235],"legislation,":[23,234],"countermeasures,":[24,236],"future":[26,238],"research.":[27,239],"Background":[28],"The":[29,125,227],"effects":[30,55],"cell,":[32],"mobile,":[33],"smart":[35],"phone":[36,58,153,195,211],"use":[37,59],"safety":[40],"continues":[41],"be":[43,230],"contentious":[45],"societal":[46],"issue.":[47],"Method":[48],"All":[49],"available":[50],"studies":[51,76],"that":[52,193],"measured":[53],"the":[54,81],"cell":[57,194,210],"were":[62],"identified":[63],"through":[64],"variety":[66],"search":[68],"methods":[69],"databases.":[71],"A":[72,218],"total":[73],"93":[75],"containing":[77],"106":[78],"experiments":[79],"met":[80],"inclusion":[82],"criteria.":[83],"Coded":[84,108],"independent":[85],"variables":[86,110],"included":[87,111],"conversation":[88,101,171,198],"target":[89],"(handheld,":[90],"hands-free,":[91],"passenger),":[93],"setting":[94],"(laboratory,":[95],"simulation,":[96],"or":[97,151,215],"road),":[99],"type":[102],"(natural,":[103],"cognitive":[104],"task,":[105],"dialing).":[107],"dependent":[109],"reaction":[112,164],"time,":[113,165],"stimulus":[114,166],"detection,":[115,167],"lane":[116],"positioning,":[117],"speed,":[118],"headway,":[119],"eye":[120],"movements,":[121],"collisions.":[123,169],"Results":[124],"overall":[126],"sample":[127],"had":[128,172,182],"4,382":[129],"participants,":[130],"with":[131,160],"driver":[132],"ages":[133],"ranging":[134],"from":[135],"14":[136],"84":[138],"years":[139],"(":[140],"M":[141],"=":[142,145],"25.5,":[143],"SD":[144],"5.2).":[146],"Conversation":[147],"handheld":[150],"hands-free":[152],"resulted":[154],"in":[155],"performance":[156,184,201],"costs":[157,185],"when":[158],"compared":[159],"baseline":[161],"Passenger":[170],"similar":[174],"pattern":[175],"effect":[177],"sizes.":[178],"Dialing":[179],"while":[180,206],"large":[183],"many":[187],"variables.":[188],"Conclusion":[189],"This":[190],"found":[192],"passenger":[197],"produced":[199],"moderate":[200],"costs.":[202],"Drivers":[203],"minimally":[204],"compensated":[205],"conversing":[207],"by":[212],"increasing":[213],"headway":[214],"reducing":[216],"speed.":[217],"number":[219],"additional":[221],"meta-analytic":[222],"questions":[223],"are":[224],"discussed.":[225],"Application":[226],"results":[228],"can":[229],"used":[231],"guide":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}