{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2621231483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817697536","title":"Spearcons for Patient Monitoring: Laboratory Investigation Comparing Earcons and Spearcons","display_name":"Spearcons for Patient Monitoring: Laboratory Investigation Comparing Earcons and Spearcons","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2621231483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817697536","mag":"2621231483","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28570832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720817697536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817697536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000706947","display_name":"Simon Y. W. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7960-0364"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon Y. W. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020399435","display_name":"Tsz-Lok Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsz-Lok Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Queensland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003636113","display_name":"Anna Hickling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-7216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Hickling","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087046241","display_name":"Szeyuen Yau","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szeyuen Yau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034677603","display_name":"Birgit Brecknell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Birgit Brecknell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Queensland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006323665","display_name":"Penelope Sanderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-1719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penelope M. Sanderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000706947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9419,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90747732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"765","last_page":"781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13690","display_name":"Quality and Safety in Healthcare","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-laboratory","display_name":"Medical laboratory","score":0.475683331489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.35948359966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.34117981791496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3315015435218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.14479267597198486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44519122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2296168","display_name":"Medical laboratory","level":2,"score":0.475683331489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35948359966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34117981791496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3315015435218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14479267597198486}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001307","descriptor_name":"Auditory Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001307","descriptor_name":"Auditory Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001307","descriptor_name":"Auditory Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056902","descriptor_name":"Clinical Alarms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056902","descriptor_name":"Clinical Alarms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056902","descriptor_name":"Clinical Alarms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720817697536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817697536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28570832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28570832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.ln.edu.hk:sw_master-7772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.ln.edu.hk/sw_master/6704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196536","display_name":"Digital Commons - Lingnan (Lingnan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165488957","host_organization_name":"Lingnan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165488957"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Staff Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:676260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583788972","https://openalex.org/W1980514696","https://openalex.org/W1985737286","https://openalex.org/W1989274999","https://openalex.org/W2002613077","https://openalex.org/W2063662525","https://openalex.org/W2072500831","https://openalex.org/W2095929735","https://openalex.org/W2096457720","https://openalex.org/W2098920026","https://openalex.org/W2106042522","https://openalex.org/W2128178009","https://openalex.org/W2129488573","https://openalex.org/W2129504844","https://openalex.org/W2152905082","https://openalex.org/W2153692424","https://openalex.org/W2190577106","https://openalex.org/W2334651604","https://openalex.org/W2510136156","https://openalex.org/W2549214777","https://openalex.org/W2768026895","https://openalex.org/W2785470176","https://openalex.org/W4250008609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W4295337797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],"We":[1],"compared":[2,112],"the":[3,152,218,236],"effectiveness":[4],"of":[5,28,34,60,81,155],"single-tone":[6,121,237],"earcons":[7,50,122],"versus":[8],"spearcons":[9,52,84,103,131,161,174,190,233],"in":[10,247,249],"conveying":[11],"information":[12,253],"about":[13],"two":[14],"commonly":[15],"monitored":[16],"vital":[17,98,177,199,228],"signs:":[18],"oxygen":[19,141,212],"saturation":[20,142,213],"and":[21,51,63,79,126,143,203,207],"heart":[22,144],"rate.":[23],"Background":[24],"The":[25],"uninformative":[26],"nature":[27],"many":[29],"medical":[30],"alarms-and":[31],"clinicians'":[32],"lack":[33],"response":[35],"to":[36],"alarms-is":[37],"a":[38,134,164],"widespread":[39],"problem":[40],"that":[41,89],"can":[42],"compromise":[43],"patient":[44,97,245],"safety.":[45],"Auditory":[46],"displays,":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49],"(speech-based":[53],"earcons),":[54],"may":[55,241],"help":[56],"clinicians":[57],"maintain":[58],"awareness":[59],"patients'":[61],"well-being":[62],"reduce":[64],"their":[65,92],"reliance":[66],"on":[67],"alarms.":[68],"Earcons":[69],"are":[70,85],"short":[71],"abstract":[72],"sounds":[73],"whose":[74],"properties":[75],"represent":[76],"different":[77],"types":[78],"levels":[80],"information,":[82],"whereas":[83],"time-compressed":[86],"spoken":[87],"phrases":[88],"directly":[90],"state":[91],"meaning.":[93],"Listeners":[94],"might":[95],"identify":[96,139],"signs":[99,178,200,229],"more":[100,180,201,208,230],"accurately":[101,114,181,231],"with":[102,105,160,221,235],"than":[104,182,234],"earcons.":[106,186,238],"Method":[107],"In":[108,147,169],"Experiment":[109,148,170,215],"1":[110],"we":[111,150],"how":[113],"40":[115],"nonclinician":[116,158],"participants":[117,159,172,184],"using":[118,133,163,173,185,188,232],"either":[119],"(a)":[120],"differentiated":[123],"by":[124],"timbre":[125],"tremolo":[127],"or":[128],"(b)":[129],"Cantonese":[130,136,166,189,223],"recorded":[132,162],"female":[135],"voice":[137],"could":[138],"both":[140,176],"rate":[145],"levels.":[146,214],"2":[149,216],"tested":[151],"identification":[153],"performance":[154],"six":[156],"further":[157],"male":[165],"voice.":[167],"Results":[168],"1,":[171],"identified":[175,197,227],"together":[179],"did":[183],"Participants":[187,226],"also":[191],"learned":[192],"faster,":[193,196],"completed":[194],"trials":[195],"individual":[198],"accurately,":[202],"felt":[204],"greater":[205],"ease":[206],"confident":[209],"when":[210],"identifying":[211],"verified":[217],"previous":[219],"findings":[220],"male-voice":[222],"spearcons.":[224],"Conclusion":[225],"Application":[239],"Spearcons":[240],"be":[242],"useful":[243],"for":[244],"monitoring":[246],"situations":[248],"which":[250],"intermittently":[251],"presented":[252],"is":[254],"desirable.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
