{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098810727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720815578267","title":"Measuring Team Cohesion","display_name":"Measuring Team Cohesion","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098810727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720815578267","mag":"2098810727","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25875429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720815578267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720815578267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/6785","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119670032","display_name":"Eduardo Salas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6837-2471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Salas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida","University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051204500","display_name":"Rebecca Grossman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4943-1069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290212","display_name":"Hofstra University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pm18j10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Grossman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084447379","display_name":"Ashley M. Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-3396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashley M. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida","University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000037064","display_name":"Chris W. Coultas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris W. Coultas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leadership Worth Following, LLC, Irving, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leadership Worth Following, LLC, Irving, Texas","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119670032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.2644,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":228,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99395664,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"3","first_page":"365","last_page":"374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.732200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.732200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.02160000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11696","display_name":"Conflict Management and Negotiation","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohesion","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","score":0.8592898845672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptualization","display_name":"Conceptualization","score":0.8102985620498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5422831773757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.48360008001327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4572018086910248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42920926213264465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.36263036727905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.33653268218040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.33610162138938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12717092037200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1251455545425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08465462923049927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.8592898845672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.8102985620498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5422831773757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.48360008001327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4572018086910248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42920926213264465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.36263036727905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.33653268218040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.33610162138938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12717092037200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1251455545425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08465462923049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006126","descriptor_name":"Group Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006126","descriptor_name":"Group Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006126","descriptor_name":"Group Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006804","descriptor_name":"Ergonomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006804","descriptor_name":"Ergonomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006804","descriptor_name":"Ergonomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011593","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Social","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011593","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Social","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011593","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Social","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017146","descriptor_name":"Models, Organizational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017146","descriptor_name":"Models, Organizational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017146","descriptor_name":"Models, Organizational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720815578267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720815578267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25875429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25875429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:facultybib2010-7785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/6785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Bibliography 2010s","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2015-1774","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2015-2019","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:facultybib2010-7785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/6785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Bibliography 2010s","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625715216","https://openalex.org/W1587700009","https://openalex.org/W1815588791","https://openalex.org/W1830488830","https://openalex.org/W1967246150","https://openalex.org/W1968660238","https://openalex.org/W1980511580","https://openalex.org/W1981712955","https://openalex.org/W2000317699","https://openalex.org/W2011256980","https://openalex.org/W2014407946","https://openalex.org/W2016521544","https://openalex.org/W2021951652","https://openalex.org/W2024724217","https://openalex.org/W2032325851","https://openalex.org/W2058428829","https://openalex.org/W2063841963","https://openalex.org/W2077845732","https://openalex.org/W2097689991","https://openalex.org/W2103572263","https://openalex.org/W2103833930","https://openalex.org/W2105639037","https://openalex.org/W2111859378","https://openalex.org/W2123558212","https://openalex.org/W2129539485","https://openalex.org/W2130703925","https://openalex.org/W2131104302","https://openalex.org/W2142585900","https://openalex.org/W2147980814","https://openalex.org/W2158597610","https://openalex.org/W2162620934","https://openalex.org/W2187722256","https://openalex.org/W2316800292","https://openalex.org/W2325369472","https://openalex.org/W2332983733","https://openalex.org/W2402114868","https://openalex.org/W2495752792","https://openalex.org/W2896747117","https://openalex.org/W4241233946","https://openalex.org/W4241244205","https://openalex.org/W4248276305","https://openalex.org/W4254475471","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362575170","https://openalex.org/W1532772865","https://openalex.org/W2531253623","https://openalex.org/W2984230149","https://openalex.org/W2112095637","https://openalex.org/W2237121679","https://openalex.org/W4390616414","https://openalex.org/W2006867289","https://openalex.org/W3212890177","https://openalex.org/W3217467582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1],"aim":[2],"of":[3,95,160],"this":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6],"to":[7,11,39,45,58,67,106,189,198,223,247],"review":[8],"literature":[9],"relevant":[10],"cohesion":[12,26,49,153,164,191,225],"measurement,":[13,86],"explore":[14],"developing":[15],"measurement":[16,226],"approaches,":[17],"and":[18,21,35,53,63,70,87,103,110,130,136,174,185,194,197,202,206,228,238,241,251],"provide":[19,101],"theoretical":[20],"practical":[22],"recommendations":[23],"for":[24,32],"optimizing":[25],"measurement.":[27,171],"BACKGROUND:":[28],"Cohesion":[29,119,145],"is":[30,50,146],"essential":[31],"team":[33,143],"effectiveness":[34],"performance,":[36,90],"leading":[37],"researchers":[38,150,186,240],"focus":[40],"attention":[41],"on":[42],"understanding":[43],"how":[44],"enhance":[46],"it.":[47],"However,":[48,172],"inconsistently":[51],"defined":[52],"measured,":[54],"making":[55],"it":[56],"difficult":[57],"compare":[59],"findings":[60,237],"across":[61],"studies":[62],"limiting":[64],"the":[65,112,142,158],"ability":[66],"advance":[68],"science":[69],"practice.":[71],"METHOD:":[72],"We":[73],"reviewed":[74],"empirical":[75],"research":[76],"through":[77],"which":[78,99,180],"we":[79,100,181],"uncovered":[80],"specific":[81],"information":[82],"about":[83],"cohesion's":[84],"conceptualization,":[85],"relationships":[88,123],"with":[89,124,192,200],"culminating":[91],"in":[92,166,229],"a":[93,161],"set":[94],"current":[96],"trends":[97],"from":[98],"suggestions":[102],"possible":[104],"solutions":[105],"guide":[107],"future":[108],"efforts":[109],"help":[111],"field":[113],"converge":[114],"toward":[115],"greater":[116],"consistency.":[117],"RESULTS:":[118],"demonstrates":[120],"more":[121,245],"significant":[122,252],"performance":[125],"when":[126,137],"conceptualized":[127],"using":[128],"social":[129,195],"task":[131,193],"(but":[132],"not":[133],"other)":[134],"dimensions":[135],"analyses":[138,213],"are":[139,177,187,209,214],"performed":[140],"at":[141,154],"level.":[144],"inherently":[147],"temporal,":[148],"yet":[149],"rarely":[151],"measure":[152,199],"multiple":[155],"points":[156],"during":[157],"life":[159],"team.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"matters":[165],"large,":[167,230],"dynamic":[168,231],"collectives,":[169],"complicating":[170],"innovative":[173],"unobtrusive":[175],"methodologies":[176],"being":[178],"used,":[179],"highlight.":[182],"CONCLUSION:":[183],"Practitioners":[184],"encouraged":[188],"define":[190],"subdimensions":[196],"behavioral":[201],"attitudinal":[203],"operationalizations.":[204],"Individual":[205],"team-oriented":[207],"items":[208],"recommended,":[210],"though":[211],"team-level":[212],"most":[215],"effective.":[216],"Innovative/unobtrusive":[217],"methods":[218],"should":[219],"be":[220,244],"further":[221],"researched":[222],"enable":[224],"longitudinally":[227],"collectives.":[232],"APPLICATION:":[233],"By":[234],"applying":[235],"our":[236],"conclusions,":[239],"practitioners":[242],"will":[243],"likely":[246],"find":[248],"consistent,":[249],"reliable,":[250],"cohesion-to-performance":[253],"relationships.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
