{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068792432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813499368","title":"Effects of Line Length, Line Spacing, and Line Number on Proofreading Performance and Scrolling of Chinese Text","display_name":"Effects of Line Length, Line Spacing, and Line Number on Proofreading Performance and Scrolling of Chinese Text","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068792432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813499368","mag":"2068792432","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24930173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720813499368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813499368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058159907","display_name":"Alan H. S. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7541-3163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan H. S. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","City University Of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University Of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035378872","display_name":"Steve N. H. Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-1088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve N. H. Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","City University Of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University Of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013527117","display_name":"Annie W. Y. Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-5668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annie W. Y. Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","City University Of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University Of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2301,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80544913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"521","last_page":"534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.5554999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.5554999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.3521000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proofreading","display_name":"Proofreading","score":0.9902478456497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrolling","display_name":"Scrolling","score":0.9803610444068909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.7082281112670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6250432729721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2903546094894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21171191334724426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170748874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21117977","display_name":"Proofreading","level":4,"score":0.9902478456497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59046462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181319","display_name":"Scrolling","level":2,"score":0.9803610444068909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7082281112670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6250432729721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2903546094894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21171191334724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82381507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416878","display_name":"Polymerase","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720813499368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813499368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24930173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24930173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131694911","https://openalex.org/W195302104","https://openalex.org/W210954981","https://openalex.org/W1497680410","https://openalex.org/W1526703211","https://openalex.org/W1553232380","https://openalex.org/W1591333520","https://openalex.org/W1595513441","https://openalex.org/W1964547838","https://openalex.org/W1965284963","https://openalex.org/W1968087286","https://openalex.org/W1968895445","https://openalex.org/W1971848396","https://openalex.org/W1971984492","https://openalex.org/W1973923693","https://openalex.org/W1976505085","https://openalex.org/W1981647936","https://openalex.org/W2000916062","https://openalex.org/W2006757473","https://openalex.org/W2021915041","https://openalex.org/W2024918559","https://openalex.org/W2031317123","https://openalex.org/W2033142537","https://openalex.org/W2036808689","https://openalex.org/W2037001467","https://openalex.org/W2039827582","https://openalex.org/W2045771506","https://openalex.org/W2051629332","https://openalex.org/W2052042018","https://openalex.org/W2053092374","https://openalex.org/W2053631529","https://openalex.org/W2060711938","https://openalex.org/W2062662425","https://openalex.org/W2065639708","https://openalex.org/W2069591785","https://openalex.org/W2077680073","https://openalex.org/W2078213800","https://openalex.org/W2081216294","https://openalex.org/W2085572652","https://openalex.org/W2085910131","https://openalex.org/W2091348869","https://openalex.org/W2100612450","https://openalex.org/W2101082575","https://openalex.org/W2102686165","https://openalex.org/W2108374806","https://openalex.org/W2108771792","https://openalex.org/W2122624458","https://openalex.org/W2150100588","https://openalex.org/W2160409741","https://openalex.org/W2167211229","https://openalex.org/W2182062207","https://openalex.org/W2295218488","https://openalex.org/W2469837716","https://openalex.org/W2471878434","https://openalex.org/W2599242771","https://openalex.org/W3043157313","https://openalex.org/W4231130478","https://openalex.org/W4235683296","https://openalex.org/W4254796933","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4390814023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2368857380","https://openalex.org/W2966255935","https://openalex.org/W2001523430","https://openalex.org/W2372371860","https://openalex.org/W2377652655","https://openalex.org/W2374253084","https://openalex.org/W2384263329","https://openalex.org/W2371992853","https://openalex.org/W2068792432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,46,119,228],"main":[2,130],"purpose":[3],"of":[4,14,29,39,102,209],"this":[5],"study":[6],"was":[7,152,160,175,185],"to":[8,74,87,93],"investigate":[9],"the":[10,60,206,238],"effects":[11,96,133],"and":[12,19,27,37,82,100,110,112,125,131,138,143,166,190,196,199,220,232,237,249],"interactions":[13],"line":[15,17,20,78,80,83,123,126,144,211,222],"length,":[16,79],"number,":[18,81],"spacing":[21,127,223],"on":[22,44,59,97,134],"Chinese":[23,47,67,204],"screen-based":[24],"proofreading":[25,64,98,106,136,164,247],"performance":[26,65,99,107,201],"amount":[28,101,114,148,159],"scrolling.":[30,103,157],"BACKGROUND:":[31],"Proofreading":[32],"is":[33,41,49],"an":[34,91],"important":[35],"process,":[36],"much":[38],"it":[40],"now":[42],"done":[43,58],"screen.":[45],"language":[48],"increasingly":[50],"important,":[51],"but":[52,150,180],"very":[53],"little":[54],"work":[55],"has":[56],"been":[57],"factors":[61,72,236],"that":[62,122,171,241],"affect":[63],"for":[66,156,202,234,245],"passages.":[68],"METHOD:":[69],"Three":[70],"display":[71,207,235],"related":[73],"screen":[75,239],"size,":[76],"namely":[77],"spacing,":[84],"were":[85,115],"selected":[86],"be":[88,225],"investigated":[89],"in":[90,108],"experiment":[92],"determine":[94],"their":[95],"Correlations":[104],"between":[105,188],"time":[109,137,165,189,195,248],"accuracy":[111],"scrolling":[113,147,173],"also":[116],"analyzed.":[117],"RESULTS:":[118],"results":[120],"showed":[121],"number":[124,145],"had":[128],"significant":[129],"interaction":[132,154],"both":[135],"detection":[139,168,182,197],"rate.":[140,183],"Line":[141],"length":[142,212],"influenced":[146],"significantly,":[149],"there":[151],"no":[153],"effect":[155],"Scrolling":[158],"negatively":[161],"correlated":[162],"with":[163,177,217],"typo":[167],"rate":[169,198],"such":[170],"more":[172],"movement":[174],"associated":[176],"faster":[178],"proofreading,":[179,205],"lower":[181],"There":[184],"a":[186],"trade-off":[187],"accuracy.":[191,250],"CONCLUSION:":[192],"For":[193],"balancing":[194],"improving":[200,246],"on-screen":[203],"setting":[208],"medium":[210],"(36":[213],"characters":[214],"per":[215],"line)":[216],"four":[218],"lines":[219],"1.5":[221],"should":[224,242],"used.":[226],"APPLICATION:":[227],"findings":[229],"provide":[230],"information":[231],"recommendations":[233],"design":[240],"prove":[243],"useful":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
