{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968806891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812459341","title":"Choosing Colors for Map Display Icons Using Models of Visual Search","display_name":"Choosing Colors for Map Display Icons Using Models of Visual Search","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968806891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812459341","mag":"1968806891","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23691832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720812459341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812459341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008436931","display_name":"Joshua Shive","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-2149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75256744","display_name":"Tennessee State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fpczx89","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75256744"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Shive","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75256744"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025816352","display_name":"Gregory Francis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8634-794X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Francis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68861956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"2","first_page":"373","last_page":"396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.3749000132083893,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.3749000132083893,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.10249999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.08349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-search","display_name":"Visual search","score":0.7104933261871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5684384703636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.49956512451171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.473768025636673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4631793797016144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4406340420246124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.38977038860321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.12540990114212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08976525068283081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.7104933261871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5684384703636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.49956512451171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.473768025636673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4631793797016144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4406340420246124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38977038860321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.12540990114212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08976525068283081}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003463","descriptor_name":"Cues","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003463","descriptor_name":"Cues","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003463","descriptor_name":"Cues","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008377","descriptor_name":"Maps as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008377","descriptor_name":"Maps as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008377","descriptor_name":"Maps as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720812459341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812459341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23691832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23691832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1009238698","https://openalex.org/W1574476519","https://openalex.org/W1964847477","https://openalex.org/W1986055131","https://openalex.org/W1986533012","https://openalex.org/W2006226802","https://openalex.org/W2008170950","https://openalex.org/W2012458269","https://openalex.org/W2015386970","https://openalex.org/W2017108196","https://openalex.org/W2029251610","https://openalex.org/W2031129132","https://openalex.org/W2038533067","https://openalex.org/W2045962605","https://openalex.org/W2049579898","https://openalex.org/W2054802006","https://openalex.org/W2055941205","https://openalex.org/W2059221656","https://openalex.org/W2078203026","https://openalex.org/W2087401004","https://openalex.org/W2093255195","https://openalex.org/W2095118965","https://openalex.org/W2095433405","https://openalex.org/W2114566476","https://openalex.org/W2116420093","https://openalex.org/W2118615399","https://openalex.org/W2127228711","https://openalex.org/W2131605659","https://openalex.org/W2133232299","https://openalex.org/W2143492062","https://openalex.org/W2148892779","https://openalex.org/W2149095485","https://openalex.org/W2479794143","https://openalex.org/W2914885528","https://openalex.org/W2916251204","https://openalex.org/W3141369291","https://openalex.org/W4214619327","https://openalex.org/W4294214781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978999997","https://openalex.org/W1968716078","https://openalex.org/W1970358776","https://openalex.org/W2051216071","https://openalex.org/W4311800528","https://openalex.org/W4241743678","https://openalex.org/W2942618310","https://openalex.org/W2085155034","https://openalex.org/W3021138017","https://openalex.org/W4391035322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"We":[1,62],"show":[2],"how":[3],"to":[4,11,80,85,90,115,145],"choose":[5,86,136],"colors":[6,87,117,137],"for":[7,88,138,169],"icons":[8,89,139],"on":[9,35,130,140],"maps":[10,141],"minimize":[12,91,146],"search":[13,31,40,49,71,92,120,147,159,166,178],"time":[14,50,93,148,167],"using":[15,66],"predictions":[16],"of":[17,20,29,54,77,157,184],"a":[18,30,36,39,52,69,75,107,181],"model":[19,25,65,124,152],"visual":[21,70,158,177],"search.":[22],"BACKGROUND:":[23],"The":[24,123],"analyzes":[26],"digital":[27],"images":[28],"target":[32,59],"(an":[33],"icon":[34],"map)":[37],"and":[38,47,58,73,134],"display":[41,97,170],"(the":[42],"map":[43],"containing":[44],"the":[45,64,82,112,131],"icon)":[46],"predicts":[48],"as":[51,180],"function":[53],"target-distractor":[55],"color":[56,162,186],"distinctiveness":[57],"eccentricity.":[60],"METHOD:":[61],"parameterized":[63],"data":[67],"from":[68],"task":[72],"performed":[74],"series":[76],"optimization":[78,132],"tasks":[79],"test":[81],"model's":[83,113],"ability":[84],"across":[94],"icons.":[95,171],"Map":[96],"designs":[98],"made":[99],"by":[100],"this":[101],"procedure":[102],"were":[103],"tested":[104],"experimentally.":[105],"In":[106],"follow-up":[108],"experiment,":[109],"we":[110],"examined":[111],"flexibility":[114],"assign":[116],"in":[118],"novel":[119,143],"situations.":[121],"RESULTS:":[122],"fits":[125],"human":[126],"performance,":[127],"performs":[128],"well":[129],"tasks,":[133],"can":[135,160],"with":[142],"stimuli":[144],"without":[149],"requiring":[150],"additional":[151],"parameter":[153],"fitting.":[154],"CONCLUSION:":[155],"Models":[156],"suggest":[161],"choices":[163],"that":[164],"produce":[165],"reductions":[168],"APPLICATION:":[172],"Designers":[173],"should":[174],"consider":[175],"constructing":[176],"models":[179],"low-cost":[182],"method":[183],"evaluating":[185],"assignments.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
