{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112907966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720811425922","title":"Detection of Affective States From Text and Speech for Real-Time Human\u2013Computer Interaction","display_name":"Detection of Affective States From Text and Speech for Real-Time Human\u2013Computer Interaction","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112907966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720811425922","mag":"2112907966","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22908677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720811425922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720811425922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041560944","display_name":"Ricardo A. Calix","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo A. Calix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010720351","display_name":"Leili Javadpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4004-1950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leili Javadpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge Louisiana#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge Louisiana#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078869465","display_name":"Gerald M. Knapp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald M. Knapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge Louisiana#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge Louisiana#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041560944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1833,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81881439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"4","first_page":"530","last_page":"545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7136635780334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5717089176177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.563956618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.5519202351570129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.515619695186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4805215299129486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.45808660984039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.43726375699043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-detection","display_name":"Emotion detection","score":0.429725706577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.42732787132263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.4169313311576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16209876537322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12864044308662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.12536853551864624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7136635780334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5717089176177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.563956618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5519202351570129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.515619695186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4805215299129486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.45808660984039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.43726375699043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988148770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion detection","level":3,"score":0.429725706577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42732787132263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.4169313311576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16209876537322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12864044308662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.12536853551864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013637","descriptor_name":"Tape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013637","descriptor_name":"Tape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013637","descriptor_name":"Tape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060145","descriptor_name":"Text Messaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060145","descriptor_name":"Text Messaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060145","descriptor_name":"Text Messaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720811425922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720811425922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22908677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22908677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.pacific.edu:esob-facarticles-1152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/esob-facarticles/153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400314","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of the Pacific)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119942576","host_organization_name":"University of the Pacific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119942576"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Eberhardt School of Business Faculty Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:mechanical_engineering_pubs-2483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/mechanical_engineering_pubs/1483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179777611","https://openalex.org/W182831726","https://openalex.org/W1174325445","https://openalex.org/W1487718662","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1983199183","https://openalex.org/W1987250353","https://openalex.org/W2064012529","https://openalex.org/W2075718943","https://openalex.org/W2090987251","https://openalex.org/W2102298245","https://openalex.org/W2104613230","https://openalex.org/W2114049839","https://openalex.org/W2125313965","https://openalex.org/W2134592850","https://openalex.org/W2135256083","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2149392590","https://openalex.org/W2156395333","https://openalex.org/W2156848952","https://openalex.org/W2161372178","https://openalex.org/W2168045655","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3123879943","https://openalex.org/W4241339470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358294942","https://openalex.org/W2996947050","https://openalex.org/W4391307871","https://openalex.org/W4392502551","https://openalex.org/W4367460280","https://openalex.org/W2336827033","https://openalex.org/W2505228240","https://openalex.org/W4319318901","https://openalex.org/W4319430321","https://openalex.org/W3047499479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"The":[1,83],"goal":[2],"of":[3,34,111,129,170,206,214,233],"this":[4,229,234],"work":[5,201],"is":[6],"to":[7,49,60,74,89,194,203,219,226,239,251],"develop":[8,240],"and":[9,21,67,76,105,116,135,224,249],"test":[10,77],"an":[11],"automated":[12,242],"system":[13],"methodology":[14,79,84,156],"that":[15,37,175,245],"can":[16,57,236],"detect":[17,90],"emotion":[18,81,107,115,147,186,223],"from":[19],"text":[20,191],"speech":[22,176,182],"features.":[23],"Background:":[24],"Affective":[25],"human\u2013computer":[26],"interaction":[27],"will":[28,38,47],"be":[29,39,195,237],"critical":[30],"for":[31,80,146,160,185],"the":[32,42,112,127,138,155,171,204],"success":[33],"new":[35],"systems":[36,46,244],"prevalent":[40],"in":[41,92,126,137],"21st":[43],"century.":[44],"Such":[45],"need":[48],"properly":[50],"deduce":[51],"human":[52,207,222,247],"emotional":[53],"state":[54],"before":[55],"they":[56],"determine":[58],"how":[59,215,225],"best":[61,220,227],"interact":[62],"with":[63],"people.":[64],"Method:":[65],"Corpora":[66],"machine":[68],"learning":[69],"classification":[70,113],"models":[71],"are":[72,179],"used":[73,238],"train":[75],"a":[78,86,211],"detection.":[82,187],"uses":[85],"stepwise":[87],"approach":[88],"sentiment":[91,189],"sentences":[93,118,151,163],"by":[94,209],"first":[95],"filtering":[96],"out":[97],"neutral":[98,117,150],"sentences,":[99],"then":[100],"distinguishing":[101],"among":[102],"positive,":[103],"negative,":[104],"five":[106],"classes.":[108],"Results:":[109],"Results":[110,169,232],"between":[114],"achieved":[119,157],"recall":[120],"accuracies":[121],"as":[122,124,164,166,198],"high":[123,165],"77%":[125],"University":[128,141],"Illinois":[130],"at":[131],"Urbana-Champaign":[132],"(UIUC)":[133],"corpus":[134,145],"61%":[136],"Louisiana":[139],"State":[140],"medical":[142],"drama":[143],"(LSU-MD)":[144],"samples.":[148],"Once":[149],"were":[152],"filtered":[153],"out,":[154],"accuracy":[158],"scores":[159],"detecting":[161],"negative":[162],"92.3%.":[167],"Conclusion:":[168],"feature":[172],"analysis":[173],"indicate":[174],"spectral":[177],"features":[178,184,192],"better":[180,212,241],"than":[181],"prosodic":[183],"Accumulated":[188],"composition":[190],"appear":[193],"very":[196],"important":[197],"well.":[199],"This":[200],"contributes":[202],"study":[205,235],"communication":[208],"providing":[210],"understanding":[213],"language":[216,248],"factors":[217],"help":[218],"convey":[221],"automate":[228],"process.":[230],"Application:":[231],"assistive":[243],"interpret":[246],"respond":[250],"emotions":[252],"through":[253],"3-D":[254],"computer":[255],"graphics.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
