{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160409741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720809352788","title":"To Scroll or Not to Scroll: Scrolling, Working Memory Capacity, and Comprehending Complex Texts","display_name":"To Scroll or Not to Scroll: Scrolling, Working Memory Capacity, and Comprehending Complex Texts","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160409741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720809352788","mag":"2160409741","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20196297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720809352788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720809352788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059067324","display_name":"Christopher A. Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-6907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher A. Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Mesa,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Mesa,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028420397","display_name":"Jennifer Wiley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-7392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Wiley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059067324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95844407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"5","first_page":"730","last_page":"738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.2070000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.2070000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.20430000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.09049999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrolling","display_name":"Scrolling","score":0.9952563047409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scroll","display_name":"Scroll","score":0.6898796558380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"Working memory","score":0.6525779366493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6307380199432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.555187463760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5478494167327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5454739332199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.46242374181747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.4438101649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.44037947058677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.38743478059768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.37821081280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2857159376144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.18591701984405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.1465570628643036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13929104804992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13534310460090637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59046462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181319","display_name":"Scrolling","level":2,"score":0.9952563047409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781324535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720106","display_name":"Scroll","level":2,"score":0.6898796558380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.6525779366493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6307380199432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.555187463760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5478494167327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5454739332199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.46242374181747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4438101649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.44037947058677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.38743478059768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37821081280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2857159376144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.18591701984405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1465570628643036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13929104804992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13534310460090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015206","descriptor_name":"Southwestern United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015206","descriptor_name":"Southwestern United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015206","descriptor_name":"Southwestern United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720809352788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720809352788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20196297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20196297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132959764","https://openalex.org/W202149136","https://openalex.org/W1497680410","https://openalex.org/W1516568830","https://openalex.org/W1980557240","https://openalex.org/W1984207618","https://openalex.org/W1997544838","https://openalex.org/W1998901892","https://openalex.org/W2046036800","https://openalex.org/W2052447448","https://openalex.org/W2077354717","https://openalex.org/W2082734006","https://openalex.org/W2126153334","https://openalex.org/W2127791224","https://openalex.org/W2134066710","https://openalex.org/W2150672384","https://openalex.org/W2161218762","https://openalex.org/W2164740960","https://openalex.org/W2169463011","https://openalex.org/W2612152805","https://openalex.org/W4238481654","https://openalex.org/W4238745195","https://openalex.org/W4240553276","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131673291","https://openalex.org/W2130001076","https://openalex.org/W2332229024","https://openalex.org/W2110641362","https://openalex.org/W2357409599","https://openalex.org/W1817521336","https://openalex.org/W1977147292","https://openalex.org/W1580625999","https://openalex.org/W3123508906","https://openalex.org/W1591333520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,11,33,46,81],"these":[4],"experiments":[5],"was":[6],"to":[7,112],"examine":[8],"the":[9,31,37,102],"effects":[10,32],"user":[12],"characteristics":[13],"on":[14,35,59],"learning":[15,114],"from":[16,71,84],"scrolling":[17,21,34,77],"interfaces.":[18],"BACKGROUND:":[19],"Although":[20],"Web":[22,85],"pages":[23],"are":[24],"now":[25],"common,":[26],"few":[27],"studies":[28,47,73],"have":[29,119],"explored":[30],"understanding":[36,80],"content":[38],"that":[39,75,101,128,133],"is":[40,105],"being":[41],"conveyed.":[42],"METHOD:":[43],"This":[44],"set":[45],"investigated":[48],"whether":[49],"presenting":[50],"text":[51,104],"in":[52,65,93,136],"two":[53],"particular":[54],"formats":[55],"has":[56],"an":[57],"effect":[58],"comprehension":[60],"for":[61,88,121],"readers":[62,89],"who":[63,90],"differ":[64],"working":[66,94],"memory":[67,95],"capacity.":[68,96],"RESULTS:":[69],"Results":[70],"both":[72,122],"indicated":[74],"a":[76],"format":[78],"reduced":[79],"complex":[82],"topics":[83],"pages,":[86],"especially":[87],"were":[91],"lower":[92],"CONCLUSION:":[97],"These":[98,117],"findings":[99],"show":[100],"way":[103],"presented":[106],"can":[107,134],"interact":[108],"with":[109],"learner":[110],"abilities":[111],"affect":[113],"outcomes.":[115],"APPLICATION:":[116],"results":[118],"implications":[120],"educational":[123],"technology":[124],"and":[125,138],"human":[126],"interfaces":[127],"present":[129],"information":[130],"using":[131],"displays":[132],"vary":[135],"size":[137],"construction.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}