{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3117763437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3316","title":"Effect of Scan Time on Neuro <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Image Generated Using Deep Learning","display_name":"Effect of Scan Time on Neuro <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Image Generated Using Deep Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3117763437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3316","mag":"3117763437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1166/jmihi.2021.3316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502047498","display_name":"Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2156-7018","issn":["2156-7018","2156-7026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321646","host_organization_name":"American Scientific Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321646"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Scientific Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413744","display_name":"Jae-Won Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaewon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055725947","display_name":"Sung-Sik Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-6557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungsik Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027666659","display_name":"Konsu Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konsu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102871723","display_name":"Jin Ho Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-3128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Ho Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071336200","display_name":"Garam K\u0131m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5907-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garam Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102338260","display_name":"Hyun Keong Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun Keong Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065272120","display_name":"Yong Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5114-4010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360916","display_name":"Sangwon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1982-2605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799970807","display_name":"Severance Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044kjp413","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangwon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030470509","display_name":"Mijin Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-163X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799970807","display_name":"Severance Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044kjp413","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mijin Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100413744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22918256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"681","last_page":"687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.638680100440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.6300471425056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positron-emission-tomography","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","score":0.5934652090072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5386173129081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5216591358184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.4976084530353546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46177423000335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pet-ct","display_name":"PET-CT","score":0.4572434723377228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44280707836151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.42401203513145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pet-imaging","display_name":"Pet imaging","score":0.42030563950538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3937093913555145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3235364556312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17619171738624573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.638680100440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.6300471425056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.5934652090072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5386173129081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5216591358184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.4976084530353546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46177423000335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127077266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3488638","display_name":"PET-CT","level":3,"score":0.4572434723377228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44280707836151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.42401203513145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017724952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Pet imaging","level":3,"score":0.42030563950538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3937093913555145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3235364556312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17619171738624573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1166/jmihi.2021.3316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502047498","display_name":"Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2156-7018","issn":["2156-7018","2156-7026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321646","host_organization_name":"American Scientific Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321646"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Scientific Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr:22282913/181843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/181843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400691","display_name":"YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","host_organization_name":"Yonsei University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W977923474","https://openalex.org/W1585769594","https://openalex.org/W1975914990","https://openalex.org/W1994605917","https://openalex.org/W2048089363","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2058046532","https://openalex.org/W2086216368","https://openalex.org/W2089984971","https://openalex.org/W2093605711","https://openalex.org/W2116084994","https://openalex.org/W2124030567","https://openalex.org/W2125188192","https://openalex.org/W2136396015","https://openalex.org/W2160593693","https://openalex.org/W2235069229","https://openalex.org/W2238131783","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2593541117","https://openalex.org/W2729145866","https://openalex.org/W2756382380","https://openalex.org/W2758460516","https://openalex.org/W2760029687","https://openalex.org/W2767848063","https://openalex.org/W2768236970","https://openalex.org/W2789588857","https://openalex.org/W2904109191","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6673193517","https://openalex.org/W6683324182","https://openalex.org/W6744945894","https://openalex.org/W7018106873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186218760","https://openalex.org/W2473498105","https://openalex.org/W1585247725","https://openalex.org/W2031943657","https://openalex.org/W3109897665","https://openalex.org/W2919691020","https://openalex.org/W2189154756","https://openalex.org/W2168768514","https://openalex.org/W2088646614","https://openalex.org/W2319489245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,159,182,207,258,270],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,40,46,82,93,99,133,142,156,202,209,221,255,260],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,63,217],"to":[6,36,168,219,239,301],"generate":[7,302],"the":[8,38,44,79,91,97,100,118,124,134,143,147,157,164,210,215,222,240,248,256,261,282,293,309],"PET":[9,26,48,65,112],"images":[10,27,137,151],"with":[11,28,55,176,266],"high":[12],"signal-to-noise":[13,184],"ratio":[14],"(SNR)":[15],"acquired":[16,71,127],"for":[17,72,128,140,154,285,292],"typical":[18],"scan":[19,24,41,94,130,203,268,319],"durations":[20],"(H-PET)":[21],"from":[22,67,235,304],"short":[23],"time":[25,42,95,204,320],"low":[29],"SNR":[30],"(L-PET)":[31],"using":[32,84,281,308],"deep":[33],"learning":[34,61],"and":[35,59,109,146,172,193,224,229,242,275,321],"evaluate":[37],"effect":[39,92],"on":[43,96],"quality":[45,98,208,259],"predicted":[47,101,160,211,236,249,262,283],"image.":[49],"A":[50],"convolutional":[51],"neural":[52],"network":[53],"(CNN)":[54],"a":[56,85,200],"concatenated":[57],"connection":[58],"residual":[60],"framework":[62],"implemented.":[64],"data":[66,113,122,126],"27":[68,135],"patients":[69],"were":[70,114,138,152,166,205,232,251,279],"900":[73,119],"s,":[74,104,106,108],"starting":[75],"60":[76,107],"minutes":[77],"after":[78],"intravenous":[80],"administration":[81],"FDG":[83,306],"commercial":[86],"PET/CT":[87],"scanner.":[88],"To":[89],"investigate":[90],"H-PETs,":[102,170],"10":[103],"30":[105],"120":[110,286],"s":[111,120],"generated":[115,162,213],"by":[116,163,214],"sorting":[117],"LMF":[121,125],"into":[123],"each":[129],"time.":[131],"Twenty-three":[132],"patient":[136,150],"used":[139,153,179],"training":[141],"proposed":[144,294,310],"CNN":[145,165,216,295,311],"remaining":[148],"four":[149,177],"test":[155,290],"CNN.":[158],"H-PETs":[161,212,237,250,263,284,303],"compared":[167,238],"ground-truth":[169],"L-PETs,":[171],"filtered":[173,225,243],"L-PETs":[174,223,241,307],"processed":[175],"commonly":[178],"denoising":[180],"algorithms.":[181],"peak":[183],"ratios":[185],"(PSNRs),":[186],"normalized":[187],"root":[188],"mean":[189],"square":[190],"errors":[191],"(NRMSEs),":[192],"average":[194],"regionof-":[195],"interest":[196],"(ROI)":[197],"differences":[198,246,278],"as":[199],"function":[201],"calculated.":[206],"superior":[218],"that":[220,297],"L-PETs.":[226,244,257],"Lower":[227],"NRMSEs":[228],"higher":[230],"PSNRs":[231],"also":[233],"obtained":[234,280],"ROI":[245,277],"in":[247,317],"smaller":[252],"than":[253],"those":[254],"gradually":[264],"improved":[265],"increasing":[267],"times.":[269],"lowest":[271],"NRMSEs,":[272],"highest":[273],"PSNRs,":[274],"smallest":[276],"s.":[287],"Various":[288],"performance":[289],"results":[291],"indicate":[296],"it":[298],"is":[299],"possible":[300],"neuro":[305],"method,":[312],"which":[313],"might":[314],"allow":[315],"reductions":[316],"both":[318],"injection":[322],"dose.":[323]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}