{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984054455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1063656054794806","title":"Convergence Time for the Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"Convergence Time for the Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984054455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1063656054794806","mag":"1984054455","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16156925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/1063656054794806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1063656054794806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076296753","display_name":"Ying-ping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5979-6926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-ping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, TAIWAN,","Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, TAIWAN,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110057218","display_name":"David E. Goldberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David E. Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,","Department of General Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8392,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87190181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"279","last_page":"302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.7843261361122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage","display_name":"Linkage (software)","score":0.7586754560470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.6434653997421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6313625574111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5656288862228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5401443839073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5349823832511902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4450675845146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4279380440711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-growth","display_name":"Exponential growth","score":0.42762428522109985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7843261361122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.7586754560470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.6434653997421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6313625574111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5656288862228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5401443839073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5349823832511902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4450675845146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4279380440711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75235859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582659","display_name":"Exponential growth","level":2,"score":0.42762428522109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005823","descriptor_name":"Genetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005823","descriptor_name":"Genetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005823","descriptor_name":"Genetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/1063656054794806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1063656054794806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16156925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16156925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337525","display_name":"Air Force Materiel Command","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22347794","https://openalex.org/W26711243","https://openalex.org/W36351923","https://openalex.org/W64312882","https://openalex.org/W80267189","https://openalex.org/W146839677","https://openalex.org/W167272715","https://openalex.org/W1479911746","https://openalex.org/W1480442582","https://openalex.org/W1493611775","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1500470339","https://openalex.org/W1507420740","https://openalex.org/W1507599800","https://openalex.org/W1509028783","https://openalex.org/W1534867582","https://openalex.org/W1536712125","https://openalex.org/W1540706608","https://openalex.org/W1541774237","https://openalex.org/W1584428002","https://openalex.org/W1606404845","https://openalex.org/W1606791384","https://openalex.org/W1692958259","https://openalex.org/W1802665306","https://openalex.org/W1971309542","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2060515128","https://openalex.org/W2066670127","https://openalex.org/W2071010361","https://openalex.org/W2122833562","https://openalex.org/W2138135326","https://openalex.org/W2139400137","https://openalex.org/W2144946595","https://openalex.org/W2148379945","https://openalex.org/W2152375359","https://openalex.org/W2160491079","https://openalex.org/W2166603077","https://openalex.org/W2172081677","https://openalex.org/W2330836443","https://openalex.org/W3154803405","https://openalex.org/W4246185962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W587735977","https://openalex.org/W1978142926","https://openalex.org/W3157395178","https://openalex.org/W4282976635","https://openalex.org/W2362702199","https://openalex.org/W184455116","https://openalex.org/W2350014578","https://openalex.org/W963756281","https://openalex.org/W2028768252","https://openalex.org/W2371558776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"identifies":[2],"the":[3,7,13,24,27,31,37,42,45,50,71,77],"sequential":[4,28,43],"behavior":[5,29],"of":[6],"linkage":[8,78],"learning":[9,79],"genetic":[10,80],"algorithm,":[11],"introduces":[12],"tightness":[14,32,46],"time":[15,33,47,58,68,74],"model":[16,39,59,69],"for":[17],"a":[18,56],"single":[19],"building":[20],"block,":[21],"and":[22,30,49,62],"develops":[23],"connection":[25,51],"between":[26,52],"model.":[34],"By":[35],"integrating":[36],"first-building-block":[38],"based":[40],"on":[41],"behavior,":[44],"model,":[48],"these":[53],"two":[54],"models,":[55],"convergence":[57,67],"is":[60],"constructed":[61],"empirically":[63],"verified.":[64],"The":[65],"proposed":[66],"explains":[70],"exponentially":[72],"growing":[73],"required":[75],"by":[76],"algorithm":[81],"when":[82],"solving":[83],"uniformly":[84],"scaled":[85],"problems.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}