{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056769911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106365603322519288","title":"Redundant Representations in Evolutionary Computation","display_name":"Redundant Representations in Evolutionary Computation","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056769911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106365603322519288","mag":"2056769911","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14629864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/106365603322519288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106365603322519288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035443886","display_name":"Franz Rothlauf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-427X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz Rothlauf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems 1, University of Mannheim, Schloss, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany,","Department of Information Systems 1, University of Mannheim, Schloss, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems 1, University of Mannheim, Schloss, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems 1, University of Mannheim, Schloss, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110057218","display_name":"David E. Goldberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David E. Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 117 Transportation Building, 104 S. Mathews Av. Urbana, IL 61801, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 117 Transportation Building, 104 S. Mathews Av. Urbana, IL 61801, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":162,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99032342,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"381","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.7378979325294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.6849694848060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5561227202415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.544712483882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4756224453449249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4568437337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.4273187816143036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4207788109779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4146895706653595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3815723657608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32527899742126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.08933117985725403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7378979325294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.6849694848060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5561227202415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.544712483882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4756224453449249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4568437337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.4273187816143036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4207788109779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4146895706653595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3815723657608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32527899742126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.08933117985725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011156","descriptor_name":"Population Density","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011156","descriptor_name":"Population Density","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011156","descriptor_name":"Population Density","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/106365603322519288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106365603322519288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14629864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14629864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de:104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196315","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Arbeitspapier"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.13.3356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.13.3356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp-illigal.ge.uiuc.edu/pub/papers/IlliGALs/2002025.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.2.1233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.2.1233","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.bwl.uni-mannheim.de/wifo1/publications/working_paper_2003_3.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:MAUB:104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/madoc/volltexte/2004/104/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196315","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Working papers / Lehrstuhl f\u00c3\u00bcr ABWL und Wirtschaftsinformatik ; 2003,03","raw_type":"ResearchPaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25079874","https://openalex.org/W31528042","https://openalex.org/W77512158","https://openalex.org/W98056105","https://openalex.org/W105567183","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1504271306","https://openalex.org/W1507599800","https://openalex.org/W1508342525","https://openalex.org/W1510385791","https://openalex.org/W1512136126","https://openalex.org/W1514100736","https://openalex.org/W1525728533","https://openalex.org/W1529274084","https://openalex.org/W1534867582","https://openalex.org/W1536712125","https://openalex.org/W1537623856","https://openalex.org/W1539029852","https://openalex.org/W1545414282","https://openalex.org/W1558067753","https://openalex.org/W1565732740","https://openalex.org/W1566803874","https://openalex.org/W1572982068","https://openalex.org/W1573534773","https://openalex.org/W1574175429","https://openalex.org/W1574390288","https://openalex.org/W1577720757","https://openalex.org/W1584377038","https://openalex.org/W1590794797","https://openalex.org/W1596643823","https://openalex.org/W1600031511","https://openalex.org/W1842146513","https://openalex.org/W1842472855","https://openalex.org/W1887330423","https://openalex.org/W1933385826","https://openalex.org/W1948148225","https://openalex.org/W1971399377","https://openalex.org/W1992339380","https://openalex.org/W1993131108","https://openalex.org/W1994475712","https://openalex.org/W2004711524","https://openalex.org/W2017927472","https://openalex.org/W2027945080","https://openalex.org/W2037703285","https://openalex.org/W2039906176","https://openalex.org/W2045391589","https://openalex.org/W2055113157","https://openalex.org/W2078236617","https://openalex.org/W2086134182","https://openalex.org/W2094453630","https://openalex.org/W2095199595","https://openalex.org/W2099297205","https://openalex.org/W2110039038","https://openalex.org/W2117187017","https://openalex.org/W2132578019","https://openalex.org/W2151924821","https://openalex.org/W2169894774","https://openalex.org/W2278052651","https://openalex.org/W2286820308","https://openalex.org/W2296218809","https://openalex.org/W2488434336","https://openalex.org/W2489200229","https://openalex.org/W2549739156","https://openalex.org/W2801179766","https://openalex.org/W3016843226","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W2352072014","https://openalex.org/W217279133","https://openalex.org/W2393487946","https://openalex.org/W2373310108","https://openalex.org/W2386433614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"how":[3],"the":[4,10,21,26,45,49,83,92,95,109,118,128,135,144,157,168,189,195,202,208,217,231],"use":[5],"of":[6,12,23,28,75,85,94,120,130,137,159,194,230],"redundant":[7,19,38,43,59,81,105,152,177],"representations":[8,60,106,153,178],"influences":[9],"performance":[11,74,84,173],"genetic":[13,64,87],"and":[14,36,69,117,132,207,221],"evolutionary":[15,76],"algorithms.":[16],"Representations":[17,40],"are":[18,41,52],"if":[20,44,184],"number":[22,27,119,136],"genotypes":[24,46],"exceeds":[25],"phenotypes.":[29],"A":[30],"distinction":[31],"is":[32,127,134,199],"made":[33],"between":[34],"synonymously":[35,42,80,104],"non-synonymously":[37],"representations.":[39],"that":[47,107,142,216],"represent":[48,143],"same":[50],"phenotype":[51],"very":[53],"similar":[54],"to":[55,66,113,223],"each":[56],"other.":[57],"Non-synonymously":[58],"do":[61,154],"not":[62,155],"allow":[63,226],"operators":[65],"work":[67],"properly":[68],"result":[70],"in":[71],"a":[72,115,149],"lower":[73],"search.":[77],"When":[78],"using":[79],"representations,":[82],"selectorecombinative":[86],"algorithms":[88],"(GAs)":[89],"depends":[90],"on":[91],"modification":[93],"initial":[96],"supply.":[97],"We":[98],"have":[99],"developed":[100,218],"theoretical":[101,197],"models":[102,225],"for":[103,201],"show":[108,215],"necessary":[110],"population":[111,219],"size":[112],"solve":[114],"problem":[116],"generations":[121],"goes":[122],"with":[123],"O(2(kr)/r),":[124],"where":[125],"kr":[126],"order":[129],"redundancy":[131],"r":[133],"genotypic":[138],"building":[139],"blocks":[140],"(BB)":[141],"optimal":[145,169,190],"phenotypic":[146],"BB.":[147],"As":[148],"result,":[150],"uniformly":[151],"change":[156],"behavior":[158],"GAs.":[160],"Only":[161],"by":[162],"increasing":[163],"r,":[164],"which":[165],"means":[166],"overrepresenting":[167],"solution,":[170],"does":[171],"GA":[172],"increase.":[174],"Therefore,":[175],"non-uniformly":[176],"can":[179],"only":[180],"be":[181],"used":[182],"advantageously":[183],"a-priori":[185],"information":[186],"exists":[187],"regarding":[188],"solution.":[191],"The":[192],"validity":[193],"proposed":[196],"concepts":[198],"illustrated":[200],"binary":[203],"trivial":[204],"voting":[205],"mapping":[206],"real-valued":[209],"link-biased":[210],"encoding.":[211],"Our":[212],"empirical":[213,232],"investigations":[214],"sizing":[220],"time":[222],"convergence":[224],"an":[227],"accurate":[228],"prediction":[229],"results.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}