{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404577698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00711","title":"Conformalizing Machine Translation Evaluation","display_name":"Conformalizing Machine Translation Evaluation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404577698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00711","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004372721","display_name":"Chrysoula Zerva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-9492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chrysoula Zerva","raw_affiliation_strings":["ELLIS Unit Lisbon, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. chrysoula.zerva@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ELLIS Unit Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. chrysoula.zerva@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I203847022"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051693368","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 F. T. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-625X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 F. T. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["ELLIS Unit Lisbon, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. andre.t.martins@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Portugal","Unbabel, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ELLIS Unit Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. andre.t.martins@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unbabel, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2434,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6590315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1460","last_page":"1478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.862798810005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.6981287002563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6748384237289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5073179602622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47359541058540344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.862798810005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6981287002563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6748384237289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5073179602622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47359541058540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521746852","https://openalex.org/W1553101044","https://openalex.org/W1594344279","https://openalex.org/W1654441844","https://openalex.org/W2055825262","https://openalex.org/W2097642458","https://openalex.org/W2245735879","https://openalex.org/W2252166243","https://openalex.org/W2254249950","https://openalex.org/W2600383743","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2759181158","https://openalex.org/W2903188467","https://openalex.org/W2913668833","https://openalex.org/W2914782308","https://openalex.org/W2947216528","https://openalex.org/W2963832833","https://openalex.org/W2970791445","https://openalex.org/W2971442502","https://openalex.org/W3022525124","https://openalex.org/W3034403194","https://openalex.org/W3035252911","https://openalex.org/W3100019193","https://openalex.org/W3105214104","https://openalex.org/W3196522557","https://openalex.org/W4206775337","https://openalex.org/W4225116116","https://openalex.org/W4241653265","https://openalex.org/W4241996101","https://openalex.org/W4285298706","https://openalex.org/W4286909493","https://openalex.org/W4287075774","https://openalex.org/W4287115067","https://openalex.org/W4287327282","https://openalex.org/W4288358532","https://openalex.org/W4288373770","https://openalex.org/W4302306162","https://openalex.org/W4312401084","https://openalex.org/W4375869722","https://openalex.org/W4378942327","https://openalex.org/W4379474587","https://openalex.org/W4385570424","https://openalex.org/W4385573461","https://openalex.org/W4386566590","https://openalex.org/W4391766803","https://openalex.org/W6617145748","https://openalex.org/W6629149720","https://openalex.org/W6691421001","https://openalex.org/W6691459612","https://openalex.org/W6730042731","https://openalex.org/W6735443497","https://openalex.org/W6753254651","https://openalex.org/W6761341600","https://openalex.org/W6762839895","https://openalex.org/W6767572230","https://openalex.org/W6768698167","https://openalex.org/W6776488680","https://openalex.org/W6786461374","https://openalex.org/W6788156848","https://openalex.org/W6791376037","https://openalex.org/W6798026430","https://openalex.org/W6798067434","https://openalex.org/W6810813845","https://openalex.org/W6840480223","https://openalex.org/W6840914688","https://openalex.org/W6843634581","https://openalex.org/W6845894858","https://openalex.org/W6852418092","https://openalex.org/W6852970052","https://openalex.org/W6853283740","https://openalex.org/W6853743997","https://openalex.org/W6853906918","https://openalex.org/W6860780752","https://openalex.org/W6861398724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2775554247","https://openalex.org/W2883671469","https://openalex.org/W2728761353","https://openalex.org/W2110168585","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2250213760","https://openalex.org/W4386247111","https://openalex.org/W4327642362","https://openalex.org/W2587014613","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Several":[1],"uncertainty":[2,117,183],"estimation":[3],"methods":[4,15,98,185],"have":[5],"been":[6],"recently":[7],"proposed":[8],"for":[9,132,157],"machine":[10,112],"translation":[11,113],"evaluation.":[12],"While":[13],"these":[14,108],"can":[16,91,177],"provide":[17],"a":[18,45,70,78,101,172],"useful":[19],"indication":[20],"of":[21,36,67,96,142],"when":[22],"not":[23,55],"to":[24,39,73,99,153,162,171,192,197],"trust":[25],"model":[26,41],"predictions,":[27],"we":[28,85,106,121,166],"show":[29,167],"in":[30,124,129],"this":[31,146],"paper":[32],"that":[33,53,87],"the":[34,57,65,93,137,140,180,188],"majority":[35],"them":[37],"tend":[38],"underestimate":[40],"uncertainty,":[42],"and":[43,105,116,139,186],"as":[44,62,136],"result,":[46],"they":[47],"often":[48],"produce":[49],"misleading":[50],"confidence":[51,75,94,126,190],"intervals":[52,76,95,191],"do":[54],"cover":[56],"ground":[58],"truth.":[59],"We":[60,144],"propose":[61],"an":[63],"alternative":[64],"use":[66],"conformal":[68,89,150,175],"prediction,":[69],"distribution-free":[71],"method":[72],"obtain":[74,154],"with":[77,195],"theoretically":[79],"established":[80],"guarantee":[81],"on":[82],"coverage.":[83,164],"First,":[84],"demonstrate":[86,107],"split":[88],"prediction":[90,151,176],"\u201ccorrect\u201d":[92],"previous":[97],"yield":[100],"desired":[102],"coverage":[103,131],"level,":[104],"findings":[109],"across":[110],"multiple":[111],"evaluation":[114],"metrics":[115],"quantification":[118,184],"methods.":[119],"Further,":[120],"highlight":[122],"biases":[123],"estimated":[125],"intervals,":[127],"reflected":[128],"imbalanced":[130],"different":[133,198],"attributes,":[134],"such":[135],"language":[138],"quality":[141],"translations.":[143],"address":[145],"by":[147],"applying":[148],"conditional":[149],"techniques":[152],"calibration":[155,173],"subsets":[156],"each":[158],"data":[159],"subgroup,":[160],"leading":[161],"equalized":[163],"Overall,":[165],"that,":[168],"provided":[169],"access":[170],"set,":[174],"help":[178],"identify":[179],"most":[181],"suitable":[182],"adapt":[187],"predicted":[189],"ensure":[193],"fairness":[194],"respect":[196],"attributes.1":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}