{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377087886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00559","title":"<scp>InSCIt</scp>: Information-Seeking Conversations with Mixed-Initiative Interactions","display_name":"<scp>InSCIt</scp>: Information-Seeking Conversations with Mixed-Initiative Interactions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377087886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00559","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00559/2102907/tacl_a_00559.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00559/2102907/tacl_a_00559.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083545545","display_name":"Zeqiu Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zeqiu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA. zeqiuwu1@uw.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA. zeqiuwu1@uw.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012706350","display_name":"Ryu Parish","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryu Parish","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA. rparish@uw.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA. rparish@uw.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406787","display_name":"Hao Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3254-4796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, USA. chehao@microsoft.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, USA. chehao@microsoft.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039158419","display_name":"Sewon Min","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sewon Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA. sewon@uw.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA. sewon@uw.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029637639","display_name":"Prithviraj Ammanabrolu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1950-0454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140341","display_name":"Allen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpe7c52","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140341"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prithviraj Ammanabrolu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for AI, USA. raja@allenai.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for AI, USA. raja@allenai.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087215613","display_name":"Mari Ostendorf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mari Ostendorf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA. ostendor@uw.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA. ostendor@uw.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082305994","display_name":"Hannaneh Hajishirzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1055-6657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140341","display_name":"Allen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpe7c52","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140341"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hannaneh Hajishirzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for AI, USA","University of Washington, USA. hannaneh@uw.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for AI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA. hannaneh@uw.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012706350","https://openalex.org/A5029637639","https://openalex.org/A5039158419","https://openalex.org/A5082305994","https://openalex.org/A5083545545","https://openalex.org/A5087215613","https://openalex.org/A5100406787"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210140341"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80674157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"453","last_page":"468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.8565388917922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7950582504272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6949726343154907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain","display_name":"Open domain","score":0.6068354845046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4587966799736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ask-price","display_name":"Ask price","score":0.4527955949306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4267274737358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42630061507225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.38421177864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.356808602809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.34362107515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.32927483320236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10335412621498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.08227300643920898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.8565388917922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7950582504272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6949726343154907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.6068354845046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4587966799736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90329073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914232","display_name":"Ask price","level":2,"score":0.4527955949306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4267274737358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42630061507225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38421177864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.356808602809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.34362107515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.32927483320236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10335412621498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.08227300643920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00559","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00559/2102907/tacl_a_00559.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ece55ee3d6294fe3b867f5436a755131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ece55ee3d6294fe3b867f5436a755131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vol 11, Pp 453-468 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00559","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00559/2102907/tacl_a_00559.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3391801044","display_name":"CAREER: Knowledge-Rich Neural Text Comprehension and Reasoning","funder_award_id":"2044660","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3812534482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-18-1-2826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7357862116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-19-2-4031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8215844777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377087886.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966710466","https://openalex.org/W1986199072","https://openalex.org/W2482325199","https://openalex.org/W2740321901","https://openalex.org/W2753392522","https://openalex.org/W2888302696","https://openalex.org/W2891103209","https://openalex.org/W2891304738","https://openalex.org/W2891826200","https://openalex.org/W2950902819","https://openalex.org/W2955157382","https://openalex.org/W2963532001","https://openalex.org/W2964223283","https://openalex.org/W3021837303","https://openalex.org/W3034624105","https://openalex.org/W3099590177","https://openalex.org/W3099700870","https://openalex.org/W3100292568","https://openalex.org/W3105024791","https://openalex.org/W3156789018","https://openalex.org/W3171244865","https://openalex.org/W3198952405","https://openalex.org/W3199691415","https://openalex.org/W3202390784","https://openalex.org/W3207467223","https://openalex.org/W3211777899","https://openalex.org/W4205807230","https://openalex.org/W4224292708","https://openalex.org/W4226034056","https://openalex.org/W4226059645","https://openalex.org/W4252076394","https://openalex.org/W4285214572","https://openalex.org/W4287996196","https://openalex.org/W4309088836","https://openalex.org/W6704493726","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6755699846","https://openalex.org/W6771603840","https://openalex.org/W6802407107","https://openalex.org/W6810932996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309395021","https://openalex.org/W2559338413","https://openalex.org/W4286978879","https://openalex.org/W3198952405","https://openalex.org/W3214164160","https://openalex.org/W2757542827","https://openalex.org/W2539940768","https://openalex.org/W2947497897","https://openalex.org/W4224294617","https://openalex.org/W2368388617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"an":[2],"information-seeking":[3],"conversation,":[4],"a":[5,48,100],"user":[6,84],"may":[7],"ask":[8],"questions":[9],"that":[10],"are":[11],"under-specified":[12],"or":[13,38,78],"unanswerable.":[14],"An":[15],"ideal":[16],"agent":[17,67],"would":[18],"interact":[19],"by":[20],"initiating":[21],"different":[22],"response":[23,95],"types":[24],"according":[25],"to":[26,37,82,104],"the":[27,66],"available":[28],"knowledge":[29,120],"sources.":[30],"However,":[31],"most":[32],"current":[33],"studies":[34],"either":[35,72],"fail":[36],"artificially":[39],"incorporate":[40],"such":[41],"agent-side":[42],"initiative.":[43],"This":[44],"work":[45],"presents":[46],"InSCIt,":[47],"dataset":[49],"for":[50,76,134],"Information-Seeking":[51],"Conversations":[52],"with":[53],"mixed-initiative":[54],"Interactions.":[55],"It":[56],"contains":[57],"4.7K":[58],"user-agent":[59],"turns":[60],"from":[61],"805":[62],"human-human":[63],"conversations":[64],"where":[65],"searches":[68],"over":[69],"Wikipedia":[70],"and":[71,94,122],"directly":[73],"answers,":[74],"asks":[75],"clarification,":[77],"provides":[79],"relevant":[80],"information":[81],"address":[83],"queries.":[85],"The":[86],"data":[87],"supports":[88],"two":[89,112],"subtasks,":[90],"evidence":[91],"passage":[92],"identification":[93,121],"generation,":[96],"as":[97,99],"well":[98],"human":[101],"evaluation":[102],"protocol":[103],"assess":[105],"model":[106],"performance.":[107],"We":[108],"report":[109],"results":[110],"of":[111,118],"systems":[113,127],"based":[114],"on":[115],"state-of-the-art":[116],"models":[117],"conversational":[119],"open-domain":[123],"question":[124],"answering.":[125],"Both":[126],"significantly":[128],"underperform":[129],"humans,":[130],"suggesting":[131],"ample":[132],"room":[133],"improvement":[135],"in":[136],"future":[137],"studies.1":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}